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Coalification
Douglas Allchin (1997): James Hutton and Coal. PDF file, Cadernos IG/UNICAMP, 7: 167-183.
! Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL: Coal Research Tutorial. Go to: What is Coalification?
D. Biello (2012), Scientific American: White Rot Fungi Slowed Coal Formation.
Carsten Büker, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Petroleum and Coal, Aachen: Palaeo-temperature indicators and their geologic interpretation. About vitrinite reflectance.
C. Blaine Cecil (2001): The coalification phase of coal systems. Abstract.
J.A. D´Angelo et al. (2012): Compression map, functional groups and fossilization: A chemometric approach (Pennsylvanian neuropteroid foliage, Canada). Abstract, International Journal of Coal Geology.
Earth Science Australia: Coal: all you really wanted to know. The concept of coal rank.
Larissa Gammidge, Department of Geology, University of Newcastle, Australia: Coal: an introduction. Scroll down to: "Concept of Coal Rank". The rank of a coal refers to the degree of coalification endured by the organic matter. See also: Atlas of coal macerals.
P.G. Hatcher et al. (1993): Reactions of Wood During Early Coalification, a Clue to the Structure of Vitrinite. PDF file.
! Patrick G. Hatcher and David J. Clifford (1997): The organic geochemistry of coal: from plant materials to coal. Abstract, Organic Geochemistry, 27: 251-257, 259-274.
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology, Coalification. PDF file.
! Ann G. Kim (2010): 1.1. The Formation of Coal. PDF file, in: Coal and Peat Fires: A Global Perspective. Edited by Glenn B. Stracher, Anupma Prakash and Ellina V. Sokol (Elsevier).
Otto C. Kopp and Lawrence A. Harris: Are alternative coalification paths possible for terrestrial coal? Abstract, Geology, 16: 844-847.
J.G. Mendonça Filho et al.: Organic Facies: Palynofacies and Organic Geochemistry Approaches. In PDF.
Water Quality and Irrigation Management, Montana State University: The Coalification Process.
R.F. Sachsenhofer (1988): Das Inkohlungsbild ausgewählter alpiner Kohlenreviere: Zur Frage des Einflusses tektonischen Druckes auf die chemische Inkohlung. PDF file, in German.
E. Salmon et al. (2009): Early maturation processes in coal. Part 1: Pyrolysis mass balance and structural evolution of coalified wood from the Morwell Brown Coal seam. PDF file, Organic Geochemistry, 40: 500-509.
! J.D. Schiffbauer et al. (2012): Thermally-induced structural and chemical alteration of organic-walled microfossils: an experimental approach to understanding fossil preservation in metasediments. In PDF, Geobiology, 10: 402-423.
The Science and Mathematics Teaching Center, University of Wyoming: Coal. Go to: Coalification.
! Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Inkohlung (in German).
See also
Coal, and
Maceral.
C.J. Williams et al. (2010): Fossil wood in coal-forming environments of the late Paleocene-early Eocene Chickaloon Formation. PDF file, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 295: 363-375.
! E.L. Zodrow et al. (2010): Medullosalean fusain trunk from the roof rocks of a coal seam: Insight from FTIR and NMR (Pennsylvanian Sydney Coalfield, Canada). In PDF, International Journal of Coal Geology, 82: 16-124.
! Erwin L. Zodrow et al. (2009):
Compression-cuticle
relationship of seed ferns: Insights from liquid-solid states FTIR (Late Palaeozoic-Early
Mesozoic, Canada-Spain-Argentina). Abstract, International Journal of Coal Geology,
79: 61-73.
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