An annotated collection of pointers
to information on palaeobotany
or to WWW resources which may be of use to palaeobotanists
(with an Upper Triassic bias).
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S. McLoughlin et al. (2024):
Evidence
for saprotrophic digestion of glossopterid pollen from Permian silicified peats
of Antarctica. Free access,
Grana. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2024.2312610.
"... we describe translucent bodies referable either to fungi (Chytridiomycota) or water
moulds (Oomycetes) within the pollen of glossopterid gymnosperms and cordaitaleans, and
fern spores from silicified Permian (Guadalupian–Lopingian) peats
[...] Our study reveals that the extensive recapture of spore/pollen-derived nutrients
via saprotrophic digestion was already at play in the high-latitude ecosystems of the
late Palaeozoic ..."
K.E. McCabe (2023):
Marine
Deoxygenation Predates the End-Triassic Mass Extinction Within the Equatorial Panthalassa and
its Influence on Marine Ecosystems Before the Biotic Crisis. PDF file.
Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
See also
here.
Note figure 10: Timeline of the events around the ETME [end-Triassic Mass Extinction]
with a generalized carbon and nitrogen
isotope curves in addition to North American (Eastern Panthalassa) generic ammonoid diversity.
!
J.A. Trotter et al. (2021):
Long-term
cycles of Triassic climate change: a new d18O record from conodont apatite. In PDF,
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 415: 165-174.
See likewise
here.
!
Please note figure 3: Schematic showing best-estimate d18OphosN composite curve for surface waters
of the Tethyan subtropics, together with major geo- and bio-events through the
Triassic.
! C.L. Häuser et al. (eds; 2005): Digital Imaging of Biological Type Specimens: A Manual of Best Practice: Results from a Study of the European Network for Biodiversity Information. In PDF, European Network for Biodiversity Information, Stuttgart. viii + 309 pp.
M. Moser et al. (2017): Pilotprojekt zur Digitalisierung im Rahmen der internationalen Biodiversitätsforschung: Die fotografische und datentechnische Erfassung der fossilen Strahlenflosser (Actinopterygii) in der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie. PDF file, in German. Zitteliana, 89: 291–304.
A. Tosal et al. (2023):
First
report of silicified wood from a late Pennsylvanian intramontane basin in the Pyrenees:
systematic affinities and palaeoecological implications. Free access,
Papers in Palaeontology. doi: 10.1002/spp2.1524.
"... The specimens correspond to two
types of arborescent plants, a calamitacean Equisetales
(Arthropitys sp.) and a Cordaitales (Dadoxylon sp.). They
provide information not available from the adpression
flora found in this locality, such as growth patterns, interactions
with fungi, and the presence of tyloses ..."
!
S. McLoughlin and A.A. Santos (2024):
Excavating
the fossil record for evidence of leaf mining. Open access,
New Phytologist.
Note figure 1: Key events in the evolution of the leaf-mining strategy with representative illustrations of fossilized mine types
through geological time.
B. Slodkowska and M. Ziembinska-Tworzydlo (2022):
Polish
Palaeobotany: 750 Million Years of Plant History as Revealed in a Century of Studies. Research
on the Paleogene and Neogene (Tertiary). In PDF,
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 91.
See likewise
here.
C.J. O'Connor et al. (2024):
Updating
conservation techniques for paleontology collections associated with Florissant Fossil
Beds National Monument. In PDF,
Parks Stewardship Forum.
See likewise
here.
!
F. Hua et al. (2024):
The
impact of frequent wildfires during the Permian–Triassic
transition: Floral change and terrestrial crisis in southwestern
China. Free access,
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.
Note figure 1a: Palaeogeographic configuration and the position of the South China Plate.
Figure 7: Schematic model illustrating possible relationships between the wildfires
and floral changes during the P–T transition in southwestern China.
J. Bek and J.V. Frojdová (2023):
Spore
Evidence for the Origin of Isoetalean Lycopsids?Open access,
Life, 13.
https://doi.org/10.3390/
life13071546.
Note figure 3: Phylogeny of isoetalean lycopsids, modified.
Figure 4: New scheme of phylogeny of isoetalian lycopsids.
S. Collins (2024):
Earth’s earliest
forest revealed in Somerset fossils.
University of Cambridge.
See also
here.
L. Baisas (2024):
World’s
oldest known fossilized forest discovered in England.
Popular Science.
See also
here.
M.P. Velasco-de León et al. (2024): New records of Bennettitales and associated flora from the Jurassic of the Cualac Formation, Mexico. Open access, Palaeontologia Electronica.
C.C. Loron and F. Borondics (2024): Optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy (O-PTIR): a promising new tool for bench-top analytical palaeontology at the sub-micron scale. Free access, bioRxiv.
! B. Reinhold-Hurek et al. (2015): Roots Shaping Their Microbiome: Global Hotspots for Microbial Activity. Free access, The Annual Review of Phytopathology, 53: 403–423.
N. Geldner and D.E. Salt (2014): Focus on Roots. Free access, Plant Physiology, 166: 453–454.
B. Zhang et al. (2024):
Numerical
taxonomy and genus-species identification of Czekanowskiales in China
based on machine learning. Free access, Palaeontologia Electronica, 27.
https://doi.org/10.26879/1357.
"... accurate identification of Czekanowskiales fossils is difficult due to the similarities in
some macroscopic and cuticular patterns among different genera and species
[...] This study focused on the numerical taxonomy
and identification of Czekanowskiales at the generic and species levels using cluster
analysis, trait selection, and supervised learning methods for machine learning ..."
C. Klug et al. (2024):
The
marine conservation deposits of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland, Italy): the prototype of
Triassic black shale Lagerstätten. In PDF,
Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 143. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-024-00308-7.
See likewise
here.
Note figure 4: Reconstructions of some animals from Monte San Giorgio by Beat Scheffold.
Figure 6: Palaeogeographic map.
C. Yu et al. (2023):
Climate
paleogeography knowledge graph and deep time paleoclimate classifications. Free access,
Geoscience Frontiers, 14.
"... the application of climate classification in deep time
(i.e., climate paleogeography) is prohibited due to the
usually qualitatively constrained paleoclimate and the inconsistent descriptions and
semantic heterogeneity
of the climate types. In this study, a climate paleogeography knowledge graph is established
under the framework of the Deep-Time Digital Earth program
[...] We also reconstruct the global climate distributions in the Late
Cretaceous according to these classifications ..."
L.T. Collins (2024):
CyberGaia:
Earth as cyborg. Open access,
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11.
"... from a cybernetic perspective, nature and technology together represent an
inextricably connected network of signals and feedback, continuously developing
as an organic whole.
[...] seeing the world as an interconnected cybernetic network may help us to better understand
the biosphere in its totality while motivating us to take actions which help protect and
preserve CyberGaia’s diverse menagerie of human and nonhuman life ..."
A. Hallam (1985):
A
review of Mesozoic climates. In PDF,
Journal of the Geological Society, 142: 433-445.
https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.142.3.0433.
See likewise
here.
Note figure 5: Schematic presentation of continental humid and arid belts for early Triassic.
!
A. Free and N.H. Barton (2007):
Do
evolution and ecology need the Gaia hypothesis?
Trends in ecology & evolution, 22.
See likewise
here.
Note figure 2: Illustration of the range of spatial and temporal scaling necessary to extrapolate
from molecular and cellular processes to the biosphere.
"... Gaia theory, which describes the life–environment system
of the Earth as stable and self-regulating, has
remained at the fringes of mainstream biological science
[...] The key issue is whether and why the biosphere
might tend towards stability and self-regulation. We
review the various ways in which these issues have been
addressed by evolutionary and ecological theory, and
relate these to ‘Gaia theory’ ..."
L.S. Soares and L.B. Freitas (2024): The phylogeographic journey of a plant species from lowland to highlands during the Pleistocene. Open access, Scientific Reports, 14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53414-4.
!
K. Gurung et al. (2024):
Geographic
range of plants drives long-term climate change. Free access,
Nature Communications, 15.
Note figure 2: Maps of global biomass, runoff and silicate weathering.
"... we couple a fast vegetation model (FLORA) to a spatially-resolved long-term
climate-biogeochemical model (SCION), to assess links between plant geographical range,
the long-term carbon cycle and climate. Model results show lower rates of carbon
fixation and up to double the previously predicted atmospheric CO2 concentration
due to a limited plant geographical range over the arid Pangea supercontinent.
[...] We demonstrate that plant geographical range likely exerted a major, under-explored
control on long-term climate change ..."
Y. Hsiao et al. (2023):
Museomics
unveil systematics, diversity and evolution of Australian cycad-pollinating weevils. Open access,
Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, 290: 20231385.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.1385.
Note figure 1: Obligate pollination between Tranes weevils and Macrozamia cycads.
Figure 3: Fossil-calibrated chronogram for Australian cycad weevils.
N.S. Davies et al.(2024): Earth's earliest forest: fossilized trees and vegetation-induced sedimentary structures from the Middle Devonian (Eifelian) Hangman Sandstone Formation, Somerset and Devon, SW England. Open access, Journal of the Geological Society. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2023-204.
E. Barley and K. Fitzpatrick, lecture presentation for
Campbell Biology, ninth edition:
Plant
Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land.
Powerpoint presentation, Chapter 29, Jane B. Reece et al., for Cambell Biology, Ninth Edition
(by Victor Wong,
Houston Community College, USA).
Plant
Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants.
Powerpoint presentation.
Still available through the Internet Archive´s
Wayback Machine.
C. Labandeira (2007): The origin of herbivory on land: initial patterns of plant tissue consumption by arthropods. Open access, Insect science, 14: 259-275.
!
R.G. Beutel et al. (2024):
The
evolutionary history of Coleoptera (Insecta) in the late Palaeozoic and the Mesozoic. Free access,
Systematic Entomology.
Note figure 1: Family-level phylogeny (supertree) and timetree for Coleoptera.
Figure 2: Fossil record and phylogeny of early beetle groups.
V. Vajda et al. (2024): Confirmation that Antevsia zeilleri microsporangiate organs associated with latest Triassic Lepidopteris ottonis (Peltaspermales) leaves produced Cycadopites-Monosulcites-Chasmatosporites- and Ricciisporites-type monosulcate pollen. Abstract, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 640.
!
J.C. McElwain et al. (2024):
Functional
traits of fossil plants. Open access,
New Phytologist.
Note figure 2: Examples of fossil plant functional traits.
Figure 4: A ranked list of paleo-functional traits that can be applied to fossil plants.
"What plant remnants have withstood taphonomic filtering, fragmentation, and
alteration in their journey to become part of the fossil record provide unique information on how
plants functioned in paleo-ecosystems through their traits. Plant traits are measurable
morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical, or phenological characteristics
[...] We demonstrate how valuable
inferences on paleo-ecosystem processes (pollination biology, herbivory), past nutrient cycles,
paleobiogeography, paleo-demography (life history), and Earth system history can be derived
through the application of paleo-functional traits to fossil plants ..."
D.E. Quiroz Cabascango (2023): Plant Macrofossils from the Aftermath of the End-Triassic Extinction, Skåne, Southern Sweden. Free access, Thesis, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University.
J. Sha et al. (2024): An introduction to the Triassic and Jurassic of the Junggar Basin, China: advances in palaeontology and environments. Free access, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 538: 1-8.
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Fluorescence.
Category:Fluorescence.
Category:Fluorescence
techniques.
Category:Optical
microscopy techniques.
!
Fluorescence microscope.
M.R. Stoneman et al. (2024):
Two-photon
excitation fluorescence microspectroscopy protocols for examining fluorophores in fossil plants.
Open access, Communications Biology, 7.
"... In this work, we utilize two-photon fluorescence microspectroscopy to spatially and
spectrally resolve the fluorescence emitted by amber-embedded plants, leaf compressions,
and silicified wood
[...] This research opens doors to exploring ancient ecosystems and understanding the ecological
roles of fluorescence in plants throughout time. ..."
L. Brakebusch (2022):
Record
of the end-Triassic mass extinction in shallow marine carbonates: the Lorüns section
(Austria). In PDF,
Thesis, Department of Geology, Lund University.
Note figure 3: Palaeogeographic map of Pangaea.
Figure 21: Flow chart showing possible cascading effects of CAMP with respect to an
ocean acidification scenario.
"... The importance of the Lorüns section lies in
the continuous sedimentation from the late Rhaetian to
the Sinemurian, which gives the direct possibility to
study environmental conditions before, during and
after the ETE [end-Triassic mass extinction] ..."
! J.W. Lichtman and J.A. Conchello (2005): Fluorescence microscopy. In PDF. Nature methods, 2: 910–919. See likewise here.
M. Malekhosseini (2023): Fossil record and new aspects of evolutionary history of Calcium biomineralization and plant waxes in fossil leaves. In PDF, Thesis, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany.
L. Burgener et al. (2023):
Cretaceous climates:
Mapping paleo-Köppen climatic zones using a Bayesian statistical analysis of lithologic,
paleontologic, and geochemical proxies. In PDF,
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 613.
See likewise
here.
Note figure 1: Global map of Campanian (83.6-72.1 Ma) mean annual temperature data points
and the 1444 resulting interpolated mean annual temperature map.
Figure 6: Modern climate zones as defined by the paleo-Köppen climate classification system.
A. Roth-Nebelsick and C. Traiser (2024):
Diversity
of leaf architecture and its relationships with climate in extant and fossil plants. In PDF.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 634.
See also
here.
"... the diversity of functional leaf architecture and its association with climate is studied for
extant woody dicot species
[...] results of this study indicate that diversity of leaf architecture may be a useful source of information
for palaeoecology and palaeoclimate ..."
!
T. Salles et al. (2023):
Landscape
dynamics and the Phanerozoic diversification of the biosphere. Free access,
Nature, 624: 115–121.
Note figure 1: Physiographic evolution and associated patterns of erosion–deposition
across the Phanerozoic.
Figure 4: Continental sediment deposition and physiographic complexity,
and diversity of vascular plants, during the Phanerozoic.
"... we couple climate and plate tectonics models to numerically reconstruct the evolution of the
Earth’s landscape over the entire Phanerozoic eon, which we then compare to palaeodiversity
datasets from marine animal and land plant genera. Our results indicate that
biodiversity is strongly reliant on landscape dynamics
[...] On land, plant expansion was hampered by poor
edaphic conditions until widespread endorheic basins resurfaced continents with a
sedimentary cover that facilitated the development of soil-dependent rooted flora ..."
Tim Revell,
Mt. San Antonio College, Walnut, CA.
Bio 2 - Plant and Animal Biology. Go to:
Plant Classification (Nonvascular).
Lecture notes, Powerpoint presentation.
K.P. Sharanya,
Department of Botany, NSS College Pandalam:
Cycads.
Lecture notes, Powerpoint presentation.
M. Coiro (2024):
Embracing
uncertainty: The way forward in plant fossil phylogenetics. Open access,
American Journal of Botany. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16282.
"... Although molecular phylogenetics remains the most widely used method of inferring the
evolutionary history of living groups, the last decade has seen a renewed interest in
morphological phylogenetics
[...] Given the nature of plant fossil and morphological data,
embracing uncertainty by exploring support within the
data represents a more productive and heuristic research
program than trying to achieve the same support and resolution
given by molecular data ..."
S. Saha et al. (2023): Fine root decomposition in forest ecosystems: an ecological perspective. Free access, Front. Plant Sci., 14. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1277510.
J.P. Saldanha et al. (2023):
Deciphering
the origin of dubiofossils from the Pennsylvanian of the Paraná Basin, Brazil. Free access,
Biogeosciences, 20: 3943–3979.
Note figure 1: Representative cross-section of Earth’s crust showing the diversity
of inhabited extreme environments, besides the common biosphere,
and the contribution of abiotic and biotic minerals in the sedimentary cycle.
"... any geological object, whether abiotic or biotic, must be understood in
terms of its formation and original conditions, as well as
the subsequent processes that contribute to its maintenance, modification, or destruction ..."
F. Tang et al. (2022): Insight into the formation of trumpet and needletype leaf in Ginkgo biloba L. mutant. Free access, Front. Plant Sci. 13:1081280. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081280.
M.Y. Bradford and K.C. Benison (2024):
Gypsum
lakes, sandflats and soils revealed from the Triassic Red Peak Formation of the Chugwater Group,
north-central Wyoming. Open access,
Depositional Rec. 2024;00:1–19.
"... Fieldwork, petrography and X-ray
diffraction reveal three distinct lithologies of bedded gypsum: bottom-growth
gypsum, laminated gypsum and clastic gypsum
[...] this outcrop of the Red Peak
Formation shows that it formed in shallow saline lakes and associated mudflats,
sandflats and desert soils ..."
R. Bos et al. (2023):
Triassic-Jurassic
vegetation response to carbon cycle perturbations and climate change. Free access,
Global and Planetary Change, 228.
Note figure 1: Paleogeographic reconstruction of the end-Triassic.
Figure 4. Major vegetation patterns as inferred by their botanical affinities.
Figure 5. Palynofloral diversity indices plotted against the variation of major botanical groups.
Figure 7. Depositional model of paleoenvironmental changes in the northern German Basin-
Keywords: Paleobotany, Palaeobotany, Paläobotanik, Paleophytologist, Paleophytology, Palaeophytologist, Palaeophytology, Paleobotánica, Paléobotanique, Paleobotânica, Paleobotanico, Palaeobotanica, Paleobotanika, Paleobotaniky, Paleobotanikai, Paleobotaniikka, Paleontology, Palaeontology, Paläontologie, Paleobotánica, Paleontológico, Paleobotânicos, Paleobotaników, Botany, Fossil Plants, Paleovegetation, Palaeovegetation, Palaeophyticum, Paleophyticum, permineralized plants, petrified, cuticle, cuticles, charcoal, Palynology, Palynologie, Taphonomy, Tafonomía, paleosoil, palaeosoil, mesophytic, mesophyticum, Paläovegetation, Pflanzenfossilien, Evolution, Phylogeny, Triassic, Trias, Triásico, Keuper, Ladinian, Carnian, Norian, Rhaetian, Index, Link Page.
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