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Introductions to both Fossil and Recent Plant Taxa /
Fungi
Reinhard Agerer, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, and Gerhard Rambold, Universität Bayreuth, Germany: DEEMY. An expert information system with descriptions and images for the characterization and determination of ectomycorrhizae - structures formed by fungi and the roots of forest trees. Go to: Character listing, morphology, mycorrhizal system, morphology mycorrhizal system ramification presence-type.
The Museum of Paleontology (UCMP), University of California at Berkeley: Introduction to the Fungi, and Fungi: Fossil Record.
! Meredith Blackwell, Rytas Vilgalys & John W. Taylor, Tree of Life Web Project (a collaborative effort of biologists from around the world): Fungi.
! J.E. Blair (2009): Fungi. PDF file, In: S.B. Hedges and S. Kumar (eds.): The Timetree of Life (see here).
Paola Bonfante & Andrea Genre (2010): Mechanisms underlying beneficial plant - fungus interactions in mycorrhizal symbiosis. PDF file, Nature Communications.
! C. Kevin Boyce et al. (2007): Devonian landscape heterogeneity recorded by a giant fungus. PDF file, Geology, 35: 399-402.
! Mark C. Brundrett (2002): Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants. PDF file, New Phytologist, 154: 275-304.
! F.M. Cardillo & T.S. Samuels,
Department of Biology, Manhattan College and the College of Mt. St. Vincent:
WHITTAKER FIVE KINGDOM SYSTEM (1978) Plant Classification.
Chapters include:
KINGDOM III - Fungi
Michael Clayton, Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison: Instructional Technology (BotIT). Some image collections. Go to: Fungi Collection Tom Volk.
! Michael Clayton, Department of Botany,
University of Wisconsin, Madison:
Instructional Technology (BotIT).
Some image collections. Excellent! Go to:
Fungi
DEEMY Characterization and DEtermination of EctoMYcorrhizae (by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Dept. Biologie I – Systematische Mykologie). DEEMY is a research database (including images) for identifying and characterizing ectomycorrhizae fungus-plant interactions.
Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.: Scientific stock photography library. Light microscope pictures and electron microscopy images featuring science and biomedical microscopy photos. Go to Fungi.
! D.L. Dilcher (1965): Epiphyllous Fungi From Eocene Deposits in Western Tennessee, U.S.A. PDF file (38.5 MB!) Palaeontographica Bd. B. 116:1-54.
M.J. Farabee,
Estrella Mountain Community College Center, Avondale, Arizona:
On-Line Biology Book.
Introductory biology lecture notes. Go to:
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY: FUNGI.
! D.S. Hibbett et al. (2007): A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi. PDF file (1 MB), Mycological Research 111: 509-547.
Olivia Judson, The New York Times (June 24, 2010): Bubbles, Bread and Beer. Prototaxites in the media. With references.
R.K. Kar et al., Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany and Department of Botany, Lucknow University, India: Occurrence of fossil-wood rotters (polyporales) from the Lameta Formation (Maastrichtian), India. PDF file, slow download! Current Science vol. 85, no. 1, 2003 (published by the Current Science Association in collaboration with the Indian Academy of Sciences).
Kazinform, Astana, Kazakhstan: Towering mystery fossil was a 'shroom with a view. About the enigmatic taxa Prototaxites. See also here, and there.
K.-P. Kelber, Würzburg (2007):
Die Erhaltung
und paläobiologische Bedeutung der fossilen Hölzer aus dem süddeutschen
Keuper (Trias, Ladinium bis Rhätium).- In German. PDF file, 33 MB!
pp. 37-100; In: Schüßler, H. & Simon, T. (eds.):
Aus Holz wird Stein.
!
A permineralized fungal fossil from the Triassic is shown in fig. 20 (PDF page 35).
! Bryce Kendrick (Author of the book/CD-ROM "The Fifth Kingdom": All About Fungi. A compact mycological encyclopedia, including online images of mushrooms, mycorrhizas, medical mycology, yeasts, lichens, food spoilage, fermented foods, plant diseases, symbioses with animals, and edible, poisonous, and hallucinogenic fungi. Don´t miss the FUNGI FAQ's.
! M. Krings, LMU München: Mikroorganismen aus den Cherts von Esnost und Combres/Lay (Unterkarbon, Frankreich) sowie Rhynie (Unterdevon, Schottland). Scientific project report (in German).
Hans Kerp, Forschungsstelle für Paläobotanik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany: The Rhynie Chert and its Flora, Fungi and non-vascular Plants and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae.
! M. Krings et al. (2012): Fungal Endophytes as a Driving Force in Land Plant Evolution: Evidence from the Fossil Record. In PDF; D. Southworth (ed.): Biocomplexity of Plant-Fungal Interactions (John Wiley & Sons).
M. Krings et al. (2010): Microfungi from the upper Visean (Mississippian) of central France: Structure and development of the sporocarp Mycocarpon cinctum nov. sp. PDF file, Zitteliana, A, 50.
M. Krings et al. (2011): Fungal remains in cordaite (Cordaitales) leaves from the Upper Pennsylvanian of central France- PDF file, Bulletin of Geosciences 86.
! M. Krings et al. (2010): A fungal community in plant tissue from the Lower Coal Measures (Langsettian, Lower Pennsylvanian) of Great Britain. PDF file, Bulletin of Geosciences, 85.
! Libri Fungorum (supported by CABI Bioscience, CBS and Landcare Research). This project is coordinated by the Index Fungorum Partnership with the aim of providing a digital archive for books, journals, thesauri, indexes and other publication important to systematic mycology (fungi and fungal analogues, including yeasts, lichens, myxomycetes, downy mildews, and all their allies). Navigate from here.
! Biological Sciences, Ohio State University, Lima:
Plant
Biology at OSU Lima. Go to:
Kingdom Fungi.
Anatomical characteristics.
Ruta B. Limaye et al. (2007): Non-pollen palynomorphs as potential palaeoenvironmental indicators in the Late Quaternary sediments of the west coast of India. PDF file, CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 92, NO. 10.
J.L. García Massini, Department of Geological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas: A Possible Endoparasitic Chytridiomycete Fungus from the Permian of Antarctica. Paleontologia Electronica 2007, 10 (3).
Martin C. Mathes, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA: General Botany. This course is designed to give the students a broad background in the traditional subject matter of botany. This includes topics on organisms in the plant kingdom as well as organisms not in the plant kingdom but which affect the growth ecology or evolution of plants (e.g., selected bacteria, fungi, and selected protists).
M. Moskal-del Hoyo et al. (2010): Preservation of fungi in archaeological charcoal. PDF file, Journal of Archaeological Science, 37: 2106-2116.
Offwell Woodland and Wildlife Trust, Honiton, Devon, UK: The Importance of Fungi. The fascinating world of fungi.
Silvia Pressel et al. (2010): Fungal symbioses in bryophytes: New insights in the Twenty First Century. PDF file, Phytotaxa, 9: 238-253. See also here (open access).
Alexander R. Schmidt et al.: Carnivorous Fungi from Cretaceous Amber. PDF file, Science, 2007: 1743.
Peter v. Sengbusch, Botanik Online: Wechselwirkungen zwischen Pflanzen und Pilzen; Evolution parasitischer und symbiotischer Beziehungen zwischen ihnen (in German).
Smithsonian Science: Fungi still visible in wood charcoal centuries after burning.
! M. Speranza et al. (2010): Traditional and new microscopy techniques applied to the study of microscopic fungi included in amber. PDF file, In: A. Méndez-Vilas and J. Díaz (eds.): Microscopy: Science, Technology, Applications and Education.
Hans Steur, Ellecom, The Netherlands:
Hans´ Paleobotany Pages.
Plant life from the Silurian to the Cretaceous. Go to:
Prototaxites, a huge, 400 million years old, fungus?
Or an enormous lichen?
T.N. Taylor et al. (2011): The advantage of thin section preparations over acetate peels in the study of late Paleozoic fungi and other microorganisms. Abstract, Palaios. See also here.
! T.N. Taylor and M. Krings (2010): Paleomycology: the re-discovery of the obvious. PDF file, PALAIOS, 25: 283-286.
! Thomas N. Taylor and Michael Krings (2005): Fossil microorganisms and land plants: Associations and interactions. PDF file, Symbiosis, 40: 119-135.
T.N. Taylor and J.M. Osborn (1996): The importance of fungi in shaping the paleoecosystem. Abstract, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology.
T.N. Taylor and J.M. Osborn (1992): The Role of Wood in Understanding Saprophytism in the Fossil Record. PDF file.
Nigel H. Trewin, Stephen R. Fayers & Lyall I. Anderson, University of Aberdeen: The Biota of Early Terrestrial Ecosystems - The Rhynie Chert: Fungi.
Henk Visscher et al. (2011):
Fungal
virulence at the time of the end-Permian biosphere crisis? Abstract,
Geology, 39. See also:
Fungi
helped destroy forests during mass extinction 250 million years ago.
By Robert Sanders, UC Berkely News Center, August 5, 2011.
Forest-killing
fungi could multiply in a warming world.
By Bob Berwyn, August 8, 2011.
B. Wang and Y.-L. Qiu (2006): Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of mycorrhizas in land plants. PDF file, Mycorrhiza, 16: 299-363.
The Washington Post: Scientists Find Fossils in Sexual Union. (The Associated Press, November 3, 2005). "Swarm cells" of the fungus Myxomycetes. See also here, (Glasgow Daily Record, UK), and there (The Hindu).
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
!
Mycology,
and
Fungus.
See also:
Pilze,
and
Baumpilze
(in German).
Michael Wood: MykoWeb. WWW pages devoted to the science of mycology.
!
The WWW Virtual Library:
Mycology.
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