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Introductions to both Fossil and Recent Plant Taxa /
Gnetophyta
Annette Becker et al. (2002): Ancestry and diversity of BEL1-like homeobox genes revealed by gymnosperm (Gnetum gnemon) homologs. PDF file, Dev Genes Evol, 12: 452-457. See also here (in German).
Shu-Miaw Chaw et al. (2000): Seed plant phylogeny inferred from all three plant genomes: Monophyly of extant gymnosperms and origin of Gnetales from conifers. PDF file, PNAS, 97. See also here.
! dmoz, the Open Directory Project:
Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Plantae:
Gnetophyta.
See also:
Earth Sciences: Paleontology: Paleobotany:
Taxa.
Michael J. Donoghue and James A. Doyle (2000): Seed plant phylogeny: Demise of the anthophyte hypothesis? Current Biology, 10: R106-R109. "Recent molecular phylogenetic studies indicate, surprisingly, that Gnetales are related to conifers, or even derived from them ..."
! Christopher J. Earle (server space has been provided by the Department of Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany): The Gymnosperm Database. Currently the database provides basic information for all species and higher-ranked taxa of the gymnosperms, i.e., conifers, cycads, and their allies. You may navigate from the Gymnosperm Database Site Map Gnetales.
! W.E. Friedman (1996): Introduction to biology and evolution of the Gnetales. PDF file, International Journal of Plant Sciences 157(6) (supplement): 1-2.
Else Marie Friis et al. (2007): Phase-contrast X-ray microtomography links Cretaceous seeds with Gnetales and Bennettitales. Abstract, Nature, 450: 549-552.
Google Directory:
! Science > Biology > Flora and Fauna > Plantae >
Gnetophyta.
Thorsten Hebben, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada: Gnetophyta: An Enigmatic Group of Seed Plants. A slideshow.
V.A. Krassilov (2009): Diversity of Mesozoic Gnetophytes and the First Angiosperms. PDF file, Paleontological Journal, 43: 1272-1280.
Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison: Plant Systematics Collection. This web site provides structured access to a teaching collection of plant images representing over 250 families and 1000 genera of vascular plants. Go to: Phylum Gnetophyta (Vessel-bearing gymnosperms). Ephedra, Gnetum, Welwitschia.
John M. Miller (gigantopteroid.org), University of California, Berkeley:
Origin
of Angiosperms. See also here
or navigate from essay
contents. Go to:
!
Gnetales.
Dan Nickrent and Karen Renzaglia, Department of Plant Biology Southern Illinois University at Carbondale: Land Plants Online, Phylum Gnetophyta. The Gnetophytes, list of families and genera.
Catarina Rydin, Department of Palaeobotany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm: Phylogeny and evolution of Gnetales. A research project.
! R.A. Stockey,
Department of Biological Sciences,
University of Alberta:
PALEOBIOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERM ORIGINS.
This course explores recent advancements toward
resolution of the evolutionary origin of flowering plants. Go to:
Presentation on Gnetophyta:
An Enigmatic Group of Seed Plants
(Author: Thorsten Hebben).
X. Wang and S. Zheng (2010): Whole fossil plants of Ephedra and their implications on the morphology, ecology and evolution of Ephedraceae (Gnetales). PDF file (slow download), Chinese Science Bulletin, 55: 1511-1519. See also here (abstract).
! Wikipedia (a free-content encyclopedia):
Spermatophyte. Go to:
The Gnetales.
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