Home / Introductions to both Fossil and Recent Plant Taxa / Cycads

AXSMITH, BRIAN J¹, RUDOLPH SERBET², MICHAEL KRINGS², THOMAS N TAYLOR², and EDITH L TAYLOR². ¹Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama; ²Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence. - New intepretations of the enigmatic Paleozoic plants Spermopteris and Phasmatocycas. Abstract. Botany 2001, August 12 - 16, 2001; Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Phil and Jesse Bergman, Jungle Music Palms and Cycads, San Diego CA: Cycads. Visit the Cycad Photo Gallery. There are 437 pictures in the gallery.

Museum of Paleontology (UCMP), University of California, Berkeley: Introduction to the Cycads, Legacy of the Mesozoic. See also: Cycads: Fossil Record.

Blue Forest Safaris (Morne Fouche): Africa Cycads.

! Robert Buckley Trabuco Canyon, California, (Illustrations by Douglas Henderson, John Sibbick and Mark Hallet), The Palm & Cycad Societies of Florida (PACSOF): The Fossil Cycads.

Robert Buckley Trabuco Canyon, California: Inducing adventitious root growth in cycad leaves. Reprinted with permission from The Cycad Newsletter, Issue 1, 1999. This article is a 388 Kb PDF document and must be viewed using the Adobe Acrobat Reader plug-in.

Bane Cheek, Polk Community College, Winter Haven, Florida: An Introduction to Cycad Reproduction.

Bane Cheek, Polk Community College, Winter Haven, Florida: Cycads.

Curtis Clark, Biological Sciences Department California State Polytechnic University, Pomona: Plant Morphology. Resources. Go to: Lab 12: Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta.

Lynne M. Clos, Fossil News: Cycads: Living Fossils. See also: Field Adventures in Paleontology: Hunting For Fossil Cycads in Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona.

! The Cycad Society. A non-profit organization dedicated to the conservation of cycads through education and scientific research. Read examples of the interesting articles that have appeared in The Cycad Newsletter. Visit The Cycad Photo Gallery.

! The Cycad Society: Glossary of Cycad Terms. Consisting of two parts: Illustrated Glossary of Cycad Terms, and Expanded Glossary of Cycad Terms (PDF file).

Jose Manuel Sanchez de Lorenzo Cáceres, Palm & Cycad Societies of Florida, Inc.: The Cycads: Fossils of the Past.

Paolo De Luca, Dipartimento di Biologia vegetale and Orto Botanico, Universita di Napoli, Italia: A Historical Perspective on Cycads from Antiquity to the Present. The historical aspects of the acquisitions of cycad collections in botanical gardens are outlined, and a brief survey of the history of cycads in various cultures is given.

The Cycad Society of South Africa.

! dmoz, the Open Directory Project:
Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Plantae:
Cycadophyta. See also:
Earth Sciences: Paleontology: Paleobotany: Taxa.

! Christopher J. Earle (server space has been provided by the Department of Botany, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany): The Gymnosperm Database. Currently the database provides basic information for all species and higher-ranked taxa of the gymnosperms, i.e., conifers, cycads, and their allies. You may navigate from the species list, alphabetized by binomial.

Palmengarten, Frankfurt am Main, Das Tor zur Welt der Pflanzen: Palmfarne - weder Palmen noch Farne (in German).

David R. Greenwood, Victoria University of Technology, Melbourne (Palm and Cycad Societies of Australia, PACSOA): Cycad Articles, Australian Fossil Cycads.

Guido Grimm, Department of Palaeobotany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm: Cladistic analyses of fossil and recent Cycadales based on morphological and molecular data. See also:
The Best Tree Cladogram, and here (abstract), and there "Phylogenie der Cycadales" (in German).

! Ken D. Hill and D.W. Stevenson, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney: The Cycad Pages. Botanical information and links, including identification and classification of cycads, ecology and conservation, cycad evolution and the fossil record, geography and distribution, as well as horticultural and general information. Excellent! Go to: John Hendricks, Ken D. Hill, Roy Osborne and Dennis Stevenson, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney: The World List of Cycads. The lists as published gave the valid names of all known extant cycads.

L. Kessler, The New York Times: The Cult of the Cycads.

Palm and Cycad Societies of Australia (PACSOA).

The Palm Haven. Palm Trees, Cycads, Bromeliads and other Tropical Plants. Go to: Cycads.

Gerhard Leubner Lab, University Freiburg, Germany: Seed Evolution. Go to: Jurassic parc/Mesozoic era: Extinct gymnosperms and living ancient gymnosperms. Extant Cycadales and extinct Bennettitales.

Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison: Plant Systematics Collection. This web site provides structured access to a teaching collection of plant images representing over 250 families and 1000 genera of vascular plants. Go to: Phylum Cycadophyta The Cycads).

SERGIUS H. MAMAY, DAN S. CHANEY, AND WILLIAM A. DIMICHELE: A Mesozoic-type flora from the Lower Permian of Texas. Abstract, 1998 Annual Meeting of the Botanical Society of America, 2-6 August, 1998 Baltimore, MD. Specimens of Dioonitocarpidium!

! Palaeobotanical Research Group, Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany. History of Palaeozoic Forests, CYCADS. Link list page with rankings and brief explanations. Images of modern cycads.

netfirms: The Cool Tropics, Research Cycads. A directory.

Paläontologische Museum Nierstein: Image of Dioonitocarpidium pennaeforme.

! Y. Ogura, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, (page hosted by Botany online, The Internet Hypertextbook, Biological Classics in the Internet): HISTORY OF DISCOVERY OF SPERMATOZOIDS IN GINKGO BILOBA AND CYCAS REVOLUTA. PHYTOMORPHOLOGY, Vol 17, 109 - 114 (1967).

The Palm and Cycad Societies of Australia (PACSOA): PACSOA is a group of affiliated, semi-autonomous, regional Palm and/or Cycad Societies, based in Brisbane, Queensland.

The Palm and Cycad Society of Florida. The fossil Cycads. With paintings and reconstructions of Douglas Henderson, John Sibbick, and Mark Hallett.

The Palm & Cycad Societies of Florida (PACSOF): Virtual Cycad Encyclopedia. Worth to visit: Chapter 4: Cycad evolution.

Bill Parker, Arizona: Chinleana. Discussion of Late Triassic paleontology and other assorted topics. Go to:
Discovery of an Entire Fossil Cycad from the Late Triassic of China (September 07, 2009).

Joe & Karen Perner, Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia: Cycad International. A Cycad Gardens Nursery. Go to: What are Cycads, or visit the Cycads Gallery.

! Kathleen B. Pigg, Department of Plant Biology, Arizona State University: Laboratory. Go to: The Cycads, Cycadeoids (Bennettitales) and Ginkgophytes.

Mary Ann Reihman, Biological Sciences, Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University, Sacramento: Biology lecture notes. Go to: Comparison of Cycadophyte Misc. Gymnosperms (Bennettitales).

Bernard Renault, 1881-1885 (provided by Gallica): Cours de botanique fossile fait au Muséum d'histoire naturelle.- Première année (1881). Cycadées, zamiées, cycadoxylées, cordaïtées, poroxylées, sigillariées, stigmariées.

Gar W. Rothwell, Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH: Vascular Plant Morphology. This course covers the structure, development, reproductive biology and relationships of vascular plants. The course is structured to emphasize the evolutionary changes that led to the diversity of modern tracheophytes. Go to: Cycads (PDF file).

B. Rozynek (2008): Schozachia donaea n. gen., n. sp., a new cycad megasporophyll from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Southern Germany. PDF file, PALAEODIVERSITY 1: 1-18.

Vincent L. Santucci, National Park Service, Kemmerer, WY, and Marikka Hughes, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Paleobotany Division, New Haven: Fossil Cycad National Monument: A Case of Paleontological Resource Mismanagement.

Scott Singleton, Houston Gem and Mineral Society: Petrified Wood Articles by HGMS Authors and Others, Cycad Anatomy and Fossil Occurrences in Texas. PDF file, 2006.

STOCKEY, RUTH¹ and GAR W. ROTHWELL². ¹Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton: ²Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio: Permineralized cycad seeds from the Jurassic of British Columbia, Canada. Abstract. Botany 2001, August 12 - 16, 2001; Albuquerque, New Mexico.

Ralph E. Taggart, Department of Botany and Plant Pathology/Department of Geological Sciences at Michigan State University, East Lansing: BOT335 Lecture Schedule. Cycadophytes, the True Cycads;

! T. Walters and R. Osborne (eds., 2004): Cycad Classification: Concepts and Recommendations. 288 pages. Provided by CABI Publishing through the Google Print Publisher Program. Registration procedure required. Use "More results from this book" or "Search this book" to navigate. Unfortunately, you can view two pages around your search result, but you can search again! Use Google Book Search to search the full text of books.

George Reber Wieland, (photograph). Go to: Vincent L. Santucci, National Park Service, Kemmerer, WY, and Marikka Hughes, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Paleobotany Division, New Haven: Fossil Cycad National Monument: A Case of Paleontological Resource Mismanagement. See also here.

! Wikipedia, the free-content encyclopedia: Spermatophyte. Go to: Cycadophyta, and Fossil Cycad National Monument.

YAHOO: Science > Biology > Botany > Plants > Trees > Gymnosperms > Cycad.

Zhu Jia-nan and Du Xian-ming: A New Cycad - Primocycas chinensis gen. et sp. nov. discovered from the Lower Permian in Sha-nxi, China and its Significence. Abstract, Journal of Integrative Plant Biology (formerly Acta Botanica Sinica).

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