Home / All about Upper Triassic / Triassic Palaeobotany

Anders Ahlberg, Leif Arndorff & Dorothy Guy-Ohlson: Onshore climate change during the Late Triassic marine inundation of the Central European Basin. Abstract, Terra Nova, Volume 14,Issue 4, Page 241; 2002.

Rainer Albert (2011), Forum Steinkern.de: Pflanzenfunde aus dem Hauptsandstein des Unteren Lettenkeupers (Ladin, Erfurt-Formation) von Heilbronn (PDF file, in German).

H.M. Anderson et al. (2008): Stems with attached Dicroidium leaves from the Ipswich Coal Measures, Queensland, Australia. PDF file, Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 52: 1-12. See also here.

J.M. Anderson et al. (1999): Patterns of Gondwana plant colonisation and diversification. Abstract, Journal of African Earth Sciences, 28: 145-l67.

J.M. Anderson et al. (1998): Late Triassic ecosystems of the Molteno/Lower Elliot biome of southern Africa. PDF file, Palaeontology 41.

Federico Exequiel Arce and y Alicia Isabel Lutz (2010): Fructificaciones de la Formación Los Rastros, Triásico Superior, Provincia de San Juan, Argentina (in Spanish). PDF file, Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 27: 32-42. Triassic fructifications (Umkomasia, Peltaspermum, Andersonia, Matatiella, Telemachus) from Argentina and elsewhere in Gondwana.

S. Archangelsky (1968): Studies on Triassic fossil plants from Argentina. IV. The leaf genus Dicroidium and its possible relation to Rhexoxylon stems. PDF file, Palaeontology, 11: 500-512.

! Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona (U.S. Department of the Interior). Go to: Fossils. Plant groups represented in the park include lycopods, ferns, cycads, conifers, ginkgoes, bennettitaleans, and several forms that are currently unclassified. See also:
W.G. Parker and Sid Ash: Linnaean taxonomy of Late Triassic Plants of Petrified Forest National Park.

W.P. Armstrong, WAYNE´S WORD, (1999): Plants of Jurassic Park. Easy to understand article (modified from Pacific Horticulture 55: 42-48).

! A. Artabe et al. (2007): Las floras triásicas de la Argentina (PDF file, in Spanish). Asociación Paleontológica Argentina. Publicación Especial 11.

Analía E. Artabe et al. (2007): The Triassic paleoflora of Potrerillos, Mendoza Province, Argentina (in Spanish). English abstract, free PDF file also available. Ameghiniana, 44: 279-301.

Analía E. Artabe et al. (2007): La paleoflora triásica de Potrerillos, provincia de Mendoza, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 44.

S. Ash (2010), Go to PDF page 59: Summary of the Upper Triassic flora of the Newspaper Rock Bed and its paleoclimatic implications. PDF file, SEPM-NSF Workshop "Paleosols and Soil Surface Analog Systems", September 21-26, 2010, Petrified Forest National Park, AZ.

S.R. Ash (2001): The fossil ferns of Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, and their paleoclimatological implications. In PDF, Proceedings of the 6th Fossil Resource Conference. See also here.

Sidney Ash (1989): A catalog of Upper Triassic plant megafossils of the western United States through 1988. A catalog (PDF file) of the Upper Triassic genera and species of plant megafossils that have been described from the western Unted States through 1988 is presented together with a list of the pertinent references.

S.R. Ash (1974): Upper Triassic plants of Canon del Cobre, New Mexico. PDF file, New Mexico Geol. Soc. Guidebook, 25th Field Conf., Ghost Ranch (Central-Northern N.M.).

S.R. Ash (1972): Late Triassic plants from the Chinle Formation in northeastern Arizona. PDF file, Palaeontology.

Sidney Ash, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM (Science Magazine): A Late Triassic Trove of Fossil Plants.

Brian Axsmith (2007): A new species of the fern Cynepteris from the Late Triassic of Arizona: Implications for the early diversification of the Schizaeales. Abstract, Botany & Plant Biology 2007, Botanical Society of America, Chicago.

Brian J. Axsmith et al. (2001): A filmy fern from the Upper Triassic of North Carolina (USA). Abstract, American Journal of Botany, 288: 1558-1567. See also here.

Brian J. Axsmith, Edith L. Taylor, Thomas N. Taylor and N. Ruben Cuneo: New perspectives on the Mesozoic seed fern order Corystospermales based on attached organs from the Triassic of Antarctica. Abstract. American Journal of Botany. 2000; 87:757-768.

B.J. Axsmith et al. (1998): Anatomically preserved leaves of the conifer Notophytum krauselii (Podocarpaceae) from the Triassic of Antarctica. In PDF, American Journal of Botany, 85: 704-713.

B.J. Axsmith et al. (1998): A New Fossil Conifer from the Triassic of North America: Implications for Models of Ovulate Cone Scale Evolution. PDF file, International Journal of Plant Sciences.

Brian J. Axsmith and Thomas N. Taylor (1997): The Triassic conifer seed cone Glyptolepis. PDF file.

Stan Balducci, Fossil News: Mesozoic Plants.

J.A. Bergene (2012): Dordrechtites arcanus, an anatomically preserved gymnospermous reproductive structure from the Middle Triassic of Antarctica. In PDF, thesis, University of Kansas.

Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkely (UCMP): Triassic Period: Localities.

! Wilhelm Bock, The American Triassic Flora and Global Distribution (website provided by B. Cornet). Some pages and images about Triassiflorites grandiflora and Primaraucaria wielandi; Geological Center Research Series. Volume 3 and 4, 1969.

! M. Boersma and L.M. Broekmeyer (1986): Index of Figured Plant Megafossils: Triassic 1976-1980. In PDF, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 49: 235-344.

Miente Boersma and Johanna H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert (1991): Late Triassic Plant Megafossils from Aghdarband (NE-Iran). PDF file, Abh. Geol. B.-A., 38: 223-252.

B. Bomfleur et al. (2013): Whole-Plant Concept and Environment Reconstruction of a Telemachus Conifer (Voltziales) from the Triassic of Antarctica. Abstract.

B. Bomfleur et al. (2011): Fossil Sites in the Continental Victoria and Ferrar Groups (Triassic-Jurassic) of North Victoria Land, Antarctica. PDF file (69 MB!), Polarforschung, 80: 88-99.

B. Bomfleur et al. (2011): The possible pollen cone of the Late Triassic conifer Heidiphyllum/Telemachus (Voltziales) from Antarctica. Abstract.

B. Bomfleur et al. (2011): Macrofossil evidence for pleuromeialean lycophytes from the Triassic of Antarctica. PDF file, Acta Palaeontol. Pol., 56: 195-203. See also here.

B. Bomfleur et al. (2010): Thalloid organisms and the fossil record - New perspectives from the Transantarctic Mountains. PDF file, Plant Signal Behav., 5: 293-295. See also here.

B. Bomfleur et al. (2007): Exceptionally well-preserved Triassic and Early Jurassic floras from North Victoria Land, Antarctica. PDF file, U.S. Geological Survey and The National Academies, Extended Abstract 034.

! Nina R. Bonis (2010), Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Palaeoecology Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University: Palaeoenvironmental changes and vegetation history during the Triassic-Jurassic transition. PDF file (7.7 MB), LPP Contribution Series No. 29. Seven research reports (chapters) in this thesis, see especially chapter 7 (with W.M. Kürschner):
! Vegetation history, diversity patterns, and climate change across the Triassic-Jurassic boundary (PDF page 140).

Nina R. Bonis, Wolfram M. Kürschner and Leopold Krystyn (2007): Floral and paleoenvironmental changes during the end-Triassic: New data from European key sections. Abstract, Pdf file, from Lucas, S.G. and Spielmann, J.A., eds., 2007, The Global Triassic. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 41.

J.G. Bornemann (1856): Über organische Reste der Lettenkohlengruppe Thüringens: Ein Beitrag zur Fauna und Flora dieser Formation, besonders über fossile Cycadeen, nebst … (in German). Provided by Google books.

L.D. Boucher et al. (1995): Dicroidium compression floras from southern Victoria Land. PDF file, Antarctic Journal, 41.

Museum of Nature South Tyrol, Bozen/Bolzano: Fossil Flora at Kühwiesenkopf (Olang/Valdaoa).

David August Brauns (1866): Der Sandstein bei Seinstedt unweit des Fallsteins und die in ihm vorkommenden Pflanzenreste, nebst Bemerkungen über die Sandsteine gleichen Niveaus anderer Örtlichkeiten... Hosted by Hathi Trust Digital Library, a collaboration of universities of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation and the University of California system to establish a repository for their digitized collections.

Mariana Brea et al. (2009): Darwin forest at agua de la zorra: the first in situ forest discovered in South America by Darwin in 1835. PDF file, Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 64: 21-31. Fossil tree stumps in growth position. Fig. 5 shows the reconstruction of the Triassic Darwin Forest landscape in a high sinuosity fluvial system. The canopy is integrated by two arboreal strata and emergent trees with conifers and corystosperms, the understorey is formed by ferns. See also here forest at agua de la zorra: the first in situ forest discovered in South America by Darwin in 1835. (abstract).

M. Brea and A.A. Artabe (1999): Apocalamitaceae (Sphenophyta) triásicas de la Formación Paramillo, Agua de la Zorra, provincia de Mendoza Argentina. In Spanish, Ameghiniana, 36 (Google books).

Earth Sciences, University of Bristol: NEVER MIND THE DINOSAURS!-OTHER MESOZOIC LIFE. Go to: MESOZOIC PLANTS.

! M. Adolphe Brongniart (1837): Histoire des végétaux fossiles ou Recherches botaniques et géologiques sur les vêgétaux renfermés dans les diverses couches du globe. Atlas. (Facsimile edition W. Jungk 1915, Berlin). Including plant fossils from the Upper Triassic.
Provided by Europeana (Europeana is a thematic network funded by the European Commission).

Heinrich Georg Bronn (1858): Beiträge zur triasischen Fauna und Flora der bituminösen Schiefer von Raibl, nebst Anhang über die Kurr´sche Sippe Chiropteris aus dem Lettenkohlen-Sandsteine. Google books.

! H. Brunner and K.-P. Kelber (1988): Eisenerzkonkretionen im württembergisch-fränkischen Unterkeuper - Bemerkungen zum fossilen Environment. PDF file, in German. In: Hagdorn, H. (ed.): Neue Forschungen zur Erdgeschichte von Crailsheim. Sonderbände d. Ges. f. Naturk. in Württemberg, 1: 185-205.
Anatomical views of the Triassic horsetail Neocalamites merianii in pyrite/goethite preservation.

M. Buchwitz: Die Grabungsexpedition 2008 zur triassischen Fossillagerstätte Madygen (Kirgisistan, Mittelasien) - neue Ergebnisse zur Landwirbeltierfauna. PDF file (in German).

David Cantrill, Department of Palaeobotany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Mesozoic history of Antarctic terrestrial vegetation, and Petrified peats of Antarctica (now both via wayback machine). Research projects.

CARTAGE (Central Array of Relayed Transaction for the Advance of General Education), Lebanon: CARTAGE is a knowledge database and a school network (obviously currently out of order). Mesozoic Plants, and Triassic Floras (now both via wayback machine).

Bill Chaloner & Geoff Creber, Royal Holloway, University of London (website hosted by The International Organisation of Palaeobotany, IOP): Unexpected occurrences, An unexpected exposure: Pleuromeia.

C.J. Cleal & B.A. Thomas, Geological Conservation Review Series (GCR), Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC). The JNCC is the UK government's wildlife adviser, undertaking national and international conservation work on behalf of the three country nature conservation agencies English Nature, Scottish Natural Heritage and the Countryside Council for Wales. Go to: Introduction to the Mesozoic and Tertiary palaeobotany of Great Britain. PDF file.

C.J. Cleal & B.A. Thomas, D.J. Batten, and M.E. Collinson, Geological Conservation Review Series (GCR), Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC): Meozoic and Tertiary Palaeobotany of Great Britain (2001). GCR Volume No. 22.

Bruce Cornet: APPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS OF PALYNOLOGY IN AGE, CLIMATIC, AND PALEOENVIRONMENTAL ANALYZES OF TRIASSIC SEQUENCES IN NORTH AMERICA. Lucas, S.G. and M. Morales, eds., 1993. The Nonmarine Triassic. New Mexico Museum Of Natural History & Science Bulletin No.3, p. 75-93.

Bruce Cornet, Red Bank, NJ (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY): DICOT -LIKE LEAF AND FLOWERS FROM THE LATE TRIASSIC TROPICAL NEWARK SUPERGROUP RIFT ZONE, U.S.A. Modern Geology, 1993, Vol. 19, pp. 81-99.

Geoffrey T. Creber and Margaret E. Collinson (2006): Epicormic shoot traces in the secondary xylem of the Triassic and Permian fossil conifer species Woodworthia arizonica - Short communication. PDF file, IAWA Journal, 27: 237-241.

! N. Rubén Cúneo et al. (2010): State of the Art on Cycads and Bennettitaleans from the Mesozoic of Argentina. PDF file, Book: Plants in Deep Mesozoic Time: Morphological Innovations, Phylogeny, Ecosystems (Ted Delevoryas dedication volume). Indiana University Press.

N. Rubén Cúneo et al. (2003): In situ fossil forest from the upper Fremouw Formation (Triassic) of Antarctica: paleoenvironmental setting and paleoclimate analysis. PDF file, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 197: 239-261.

J.A. D´Angelo et al. (2011): Chemometric analysis of functional groups in fossil remains of the Dicroidium flora (Cacheuta, Mendoza, Argentina): Implications for kerogen formation. In PDF.

José Alejandro D´angelo (2006): Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of Johnstonia (Corystospermales, Corystospermaceae) cuticles and compressions from the Triassic of Cacheuta, Mendoza, Argentina. Ameghiniana, 43.

A.-L. Decombeix et al. (2011): Root suckering in a Triassic conifer from Antarctica: Paleoecological and evolutionary implications. In PDF, American Journal of Botany, 98: 1222-1225. See also here (abstract).

S.H. Deng and P. Shang (2000): A Brief Review of the Mesozoic Filicopsida in China. PDF file.

! William A. DiMichele et al. (2008): The so-called "Paleophytic–Mesophytic" transition in equatorial Pangea. Multiple biomes and vegetational tracking of climate change through geological time. PDF file, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 268: 152-163. See also here (abstract).

DiMichele, William A.: EVOLUTIONARY AND PALEOECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF TERRESTRIAL FLORAL CHANGES IN THE LATE PALEOZOIC TROPICS. 1999 GSA Annual Meeting, Denver, Colorado; The Geological Society of America (GSA).

Desa Djordjevic-Milutinovic (2010): An overview of paleozoic and mesozoic sites with macroflora in Serbia. PDF file, Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, 3: 27-46.

I.A. Dobruskina et al. (2001): Upper Triassic flora from "Raibl Beds" of Julian Alps (Italy) and Karavanke Mts.(Slovenia). PDF file.

I.A. Dobruskina (1994): Triassic Floras of Eurasia. In PDF.

I.A. Dobruskina (1988): The history of land plants in the northern hemisphere during the Triassic with special reference to the floras of Eurasia. PDF file. See also here (abstract).

Shuying Duan (2007): A comparison between the Upper Triassic floras of China and the Rhaeto-Liassic floras of Europe and East Greenland. Abstract, Lethaia, 20: 177-184.

R.F. Dubiel (1987): Sedimentology of the Upper Triassic Chinle Formation Southeastern Utah: Paleoclimatic Implications. In PDF, Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science.
See fig. 8: Horsetail pith casts, formed when the hollow trunks of the horsetails were broken off and filled with sediment during a flood event.

Ignacio H. Escapa et al. (2010): Evolution and relationships of the conifer seed cone Telemachus: Evidence from the Triassic of Antarctica. PDF file, Int. J. Plant Sci., 171: 560-573. See fig. 6: Hypothetical reconstructions of Telemachus elongatus and Telemachus antarcticus ovulate cones.

Fowell, S. J., Cornet, B., and Olsen, P. E., 1994, Geologically rapid Late Triassic extinctions: Palynological evidence from the Newark Supergroup. In: Klein, G. D., ed., Pangea: Paleoclimate, Tectonics, and Sedimentation During Accretion, Zenith, and Breakup of a Supercontinent: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 288.

N.C. Fraser and H.-D. Sues (2012): The beginning of the "Age of Dinosaurs": a brief overview of terrestrial biotic changes during the Triassic. Abstract, Earth and Environmental Science, Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 101.

N.C. Fraser et al. (1996): A Triassic lagerstätte from eastern North America. PDF file, Nature.

J. Georg Friebe: Schachtelhalme (Equisetaceae) aus der Kössen-Formation (Rhaetium) der Nördlichen Kalkalpen Vorarlbergs. PDF file, Vorarlberger Naturschau, Dornbirn (in German).

! Robert A. Gastaldo, Department of Geology, Colby College, Waterville, Maine: Navigate via: Notes for a Course in Paleobotany. Go to: Plant Associations of the Mesophytic. Lecture Notes. See also: Gymnosperms in the Mesophytic.

Carole T. Gee (ed.): Plants in Mesozoic Time: Morphological Innovations, Phylogeny, Ecosystems. Table of contents and preface. Provided by Google books. See also here (Amazon).

! Geobiology.cn: Albertiana (PDF files). Scans of the rare early volumes of Albertiana. Excellent!

GeoDolomiti: Selected papers of the Triassic of Europe. A selected list of papers and books on Middle Triassic plants of Europe.

Anna Goodwin, Jon Wyles and Alex Morley, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol: The palaeofiles, The end-Permian mass extinction. Go to: What life was present, Vascular plants.

R. Gorelick and K. Olson (2011): Is lack of cycad (Cycadales) diversity a result of a lack of polyploidy? Abstract, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 165: 156-167.

L. Grauvogel-Stamm & B. Lugardon, (2001): The Triassic Lycopsids Pleuromeia and Annalepis: Relationships, Evolution, and Origin. PDF file, American Fern Journal, 91: 115-149. See also here (abstract).

L. Grauvogel-Stamm and S. Ash (1999): "Lycostrobus" chinleana, an equisetalean cone from the Upper Triassic of the southwestern United States and its phylogenetic implications. PDF file, American Journal of Botany, 86: 1391-1405.

L. Grauvogel-Stamm, EOST-Geologie, University of Strasbourg; and B. Lugardon, Lab. Biologie Vegetale, Univ. Toulouse, France: The Triassic Lycopsids. Abstract (via wayback machine). XVI International Botanical Congress, 1-7 August 1999; Saint Louis, Missouri.

L. Grauvogel-Stamm & K.-P. Kelber (1996): Plant-insect interactions and coevolution during the Triassic in Western Europe.- PDF file, 30 MB! Paleontologica Lombardia, N. S. 5: 5-23, 31 fig.; Milano. Abstract available here.

Margot Guerra-Sommer and Miriam Cazzulo-Klepzig (2000): The Triassic taphopflora from Parana Basin, Southern Brazil: an overview. PDF file, Revista Brasileira de Geociências, 30: 481-485. See also here.

! Oswald Heer (1865): Die Urwelt der Schweiz (in German). Provided by Google books. PDF download available.

Rafael Herbst et al. (2005): Las tafofloras triásicas de la región de los Lagos, Xma Región, Chile (in Spanish). Ameghiniana, 42: 377-394.

! Patrick S. Herendeen:
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fossil Plants: 8. PDF file, Taxon, Volume 60, Number 3, June 2011 , pp. 921-923. See also here.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fossil Plants: 7. PDF file, Taxon, Volume 60, Number 3, June 2011 , pp. 902-905. See also here.
"The following (...) generic names are recommended for conservation: Danaeopsis Heer ex Schimp. against Marantoidea and Danaeopsis C. Presl, Pterophyllum with a conserved type, and Schizoneura against Convallarites. The following (...) species names are also recommended for conservation: Schizoneura paradoxa against Convallarites erecta, and Taeniopteris marantacea with a conserved type".

Elizabeth J. Hermsen et al. (2009): Morphology and ecology of the Antarcticycas plant. PDF file, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 153: 108-123. Antarcticycas plant reconstruction on page 112.

E.J. Hermsen et al. (2007): An unusual structure (ovule?) from the Middle Triassic of Antarctica. Abstract, Botany & Plant Biology 2007, Botanical Society of America, Chicago.

E.J. Hermsen et al. (2006): Cataphylls of the Middle Triassic cycad Antarcticycas schopfii and new insights into cycad evolution. PDF file, American Journal of Botany, 93: 724-738. See also here.

W.B. Keith Holmes (page hosted by the Australian Museum Online): Equisetalean Plant Remains from the Early to Middle Triassic of New South Wales, Australia (PDF file). Records of the Australian Museum (2001) Vol. 53: 9-20.

Norman F. Hughes (1982): Palaeobiology of Angiosperm Origins: Problems of Mesozoic Seed-Plant Evolution. Provided by Google books.

! Georg Friedrich Jäger (1827): Über die Pflanzenversteinerungen welche in dem Bausandstein von Stuttgart vorkommen. PDF file, in German. See also here (Google books).

Yu Jianxin (2008): Floras and the evolutionary dynamics across the Permian-Triassic boundary nearby the border of Guizhou and Yunnan, South China. Abstract (PDF file).

E.V. Karasev (2009): A New Genus Navipelta (Peltaspermales, Pteridospermae) from the Permian/Triassic Boundary Deposits of the Moscow Syneclise. PDF file, Paleontological Journal, 43: 1262-1271.

! K.-P. Kelber (2009): Lebensbilder der Unterkeuperzeit im Spiegel der paläontologischen Forschung. PDF file (8.5 MB), in German. Veröffentlichungen Naturhistorisches Museum Schleusingen, 24: 27-52. Life pictures from the Lower Keuper in the mirror of palaeontological research. A selection of Lower Keuper swamp reconstructions from the germanotype Triassic (Ladinian, Triassic).

! K.-P. Kelber, Würzburg (2007): Die Erhaltung und paläobiologische Bedeutung der fossilen Hölzer aus dem süddeutschen Keuper (Trias, Ladinium bis Rhätium).- In German. PDF file, but 33 MB! pp. 37-100; In: Schüßler, H. & Simon, T. (eds.): Aus Holz wird Stein - Kieselhölzer aus dem Keuper Frankens.- (Eppe), Bergatreute-Aulendorf.

K.-P. Kelber (2005): Beyond the Permian-Triassic extinction events: The highly diverse Lower Keuper flora (Ladinian, Triassic) of southern Germany.- Workshop on Permian - Triassic Paleobotany and Palynology, June 16-18, 2005; Natural Science Museum of South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy.

! K.-P. Kelber & E. Nitsch (2005): Paläoflora und Ablagerungsräume im unterfränkischen Keuper (Exkursion H am 1. April 2005).- PDF file (20 MB), in German. Jber. Mitt. oberrhein. geol. Ver., N.F., 87: 217-253; Stuttgart.

Klaus-Peter Kelber (2005): Beyond the Permian-Triassic extinction events: The highly diverse Lower Keuper flora (Ladinian, Triassic) of southern Germany. Abstract, Workshop on Permian - Triassic Paleobotany and Palynology, June 16-18, 2005; Natural Science Museum of South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy.

! K.-P. Kelber (2005): Makroflora (Die Keuperfloren). PDF file (12 MB), in German. In: Beutler, G., Hauschke, N., Nitsch, E. and Vath, U. (eds.): Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission, Stratigraphie von Deutschland IV - Keuper. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 253: 32-41.

Klaus-Peter Kelber (2004), Institute of Mineralogy, University of Würzburg: Die Makrofloren des süddeutschen Unteren Keupers (Ladinum, Trias): Neue Einsichten, Potenziale und Perspektiven.- Abstract APP, May 20-22, 2004, Munich (in German).

Klaus-Peter Kelber (1998), Institute of Mineralogy, University of Würzburg: Phytostratigraphische Aspekte der Makrofloren des süddeutschen Keupers.- Abstract, in English. Documenta naturae, 117: 89-115; München, 1998.

Klaus-Peter Kelber (1998), Institute of Mineralogy, University of Würzburg: Makrofloren aus dem süddeutschen Keuper: Eine Übersicht. PDF file, in German. Abstract, 68. Jahrestagung der Paläontologischen Gesellschaft in Berlin vom 6.10.-9.10.1998 (Geo-Berlin 98); Terra Nostra, 98/3: V 163; Cologne.

! K.-P. Kelber & J.H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert (1998): Equisetites arenaceus from the Upper Triassic of Germany with evidence for reproductive strategies. Abstract, Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol., 100: 1-26. Paper awarded with the Remy and Remy Award 1999, Botanical Society of America.

K.-P. Kelber (1992): Der dreidimensionale Bau der Blattspitzen bei Equisetites arenaceus (Equisetopsida, Equisetales) aus dem Unteren Keuper (Trias, Ladin). PDF file, in German. In: Kovar-Eder, J. (ed.): Palaeovegetational development in Europe.- Proc. Pan-European Palaeobot. Conf. Vienna (PEPC 1991), pp. 289-299.

K.-P. Kelber (1988): Was ist Equisetites foveolatus? PDF file (in German), In: Hagdorn, H. (ed.): Neue Forschungen zur Erdgeschichte von Crailsheim. Sonderbände d. Ges. f. Naturk. in Württemberg, 1: 166-184.

K.-P. Kelber (1983): Schizoneura paradoxa Schimp. & Moug. aus dem Unteren Keuper Frankens. In PDF (32 MB), Naturw.-Jb. Schweinfurt, 1: 19-33.

Hans Kerp et al. (2006): Typical Triassic Gondwanan floral elements in the Upper Permian of the paleotropics. Geology, 34: 265-268.

H. Kerp (1991): Is There Anything More to Say About Keuper and Buntsandstein Floras?. In PDF, Albertiana. A review of: Mader, D. (1990) Palaeoecology of the Flora in Buntsandstein and Keuper in the Triassic of Middle Europe (Fischer, Stuttgart).

K. Kim et al. (2005): Coniferous Fossil Woods from the Jogyeri Formation (Upper Triassic) of the Nampo Group, Korea. PDF file, IAWA Journal, 26: 253-265.

Jongheon Kim (2001): New fossil plants from the Nampo Group (Lower Mesozoic), Korea. In PDF, Geosciences Journal, 5: 173-180.

A.I. Kirichkova and N.K. Kulikova (2005): The Problem of Correlation between Triassic Continental Sequences of Southern Germany, the Timan-Pechora Region, and Eastern Urals. Abstract.

S.D. Klavins et al. (2005): Coprolites in a Middle Triassic cycad pollen cone: evidence for insect pollination in early cycads? PDF file, Evolutionary Ecology Research, 7: 479-488.

S.D. Klavins et al. (2003): Gymnosperms from the Middle Triassic of Antarctica: the first structurally preserved cycad pollen cone. In PDF, Int. J. Plant Sci., 164: 1007-1020.

Sharon D. Klavins et al. (2002): Anatomy of Umkomasia (Corystospermales) from the Triassic of Antarctica. American Journal of Botany, 89: 664-676. See also here. Abstract, Botany 2001, August 12 - 16, 2001; Albuquerque, New Mexico.

SHARON D. KLAVINS et al.: MATONIACEOUS FERNS (GLEICHENIALES) FROM THE MIDDLE TRIASSIC OF ANTARCTICA. Abstract, Journal of Paleontology, 2004; v. 78; no. 1; p. 211-217.

E. Kon´no (1961): Some Cycadocarpidium and Podozamites from the Upper Triassic Formations in Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. PDF file.

! M. Kosnik and Allister Rees et al., University of Chicago: Paleogeographic Atlas Project Databases (PGAP): The data in this database (the original database: username = public, password = public) have been assembled over the years by people in the Paleogeographic Atlas Project. Search in a "Climate Sensitive Sediments Database", "Floral Database", "Lithology Database", "Features Database", and a "Reference Database". Go to:
"Floral Database", Search in "Locality information", "Age", e.g. "Triassic". A Triassic plant fossil locality list, with the corresponding fossil plant taxa. Excellent!

Valentin A. Krassilov (1987): Palaeobotany of the mesophyticum: state of the art. In PDF, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 50: 231-254.

! M. Krings, LMU München: Die obertriassische Flora von Lunz (Niederösterreich) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Samenpflanzen: Systematik, Paläobiologie und Paläoökologie. Scientific project report (in German).

M. Kumar et al. (2011): Charcoalified plant remains from the Lashly Formation of Allan Hills, Antarctica: Evidence of forest fire during the Triassic Period. In PDF, Episodes, 34.

E. Kustatscher et al. (2012): Danaeopsis Heer ex Schimper 1869 and its European Triassic species. Abstract, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 183: 32-49.

E. Kustatscher et al. (2012): Taphonomical implications of the Ladinian megaflora and palynoflora of Thale (Germany). Abstract, Palaios.

E. Kustatscher et al. (2011): Plant fossils in the Cassian beds and other Carnian formations of the Southern Alps (Italy). Geo.Alp, 8: 146-155.

E. Kustatscher & J.H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert (2011): The ferns of the Middle Triassic flora from Thale (Germany). Abstract, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 261: 209-248.

! Evelyn Kustatscher, Museum of Nature, South Tyrol, Bozen: Fossil Plants of the Dolomites. A brief history of palaeobotanic studies in the Dolomites area (with bibliographic references).

! Evelyn Kustatscher, Museum of Nature, South Tyrol, Bozen: Selected papers of the Triassic of Europe Evelyn Kustatscher, Museum of Nature, South Tyrol, Bozen:
! A brief history of palaeobotanic studies in the Dolomites area (with bibliographic references) and
! A catalogue of Middle Triassic fossil plants.

Evelyn Kustatscher et al. (2009): Macrofloras and palynomorphs as possible proxies for palaeoclimatic and palaeoecological studies: A case study from the Pelsonian (Middle Triassic) of Kühwiesenkopf/Monte Prà della Vacca (Olang Dolomites, N-Italy). Abstract.

E. Kustatscher and J.H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert (2008): Neocalamites asperrimus (Franke) Shen 1990, a morphospecies for Triassic sphenophyte "cortical structures"? Abstract, 18th Plant Taphonomy Meeting, Vienna, Austria.

Kustatscher, E., van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J.H.A. & Gianolla, P. (2006): The Kühwiesenkopf/Monte Pra della Vacca (Prags/Braies Dolomites, Northern Italy): An attempt to reconstruct an Anisian (lower Middle Triassic) palaeoenvironment. PDF file, 9th International Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota, 27-29.05.06, Manchester, Abstract and Proceedings Volume, p. 63-66, 164.

E. Kustatscher et al. (2006): Old treasures newly discovered: Scytophyllum bergeri from the Ladinian of the Dolomites in the historical collections of the Geologische Bundesanstalt Wien. In PDF.

Kustatscher, E., Wachtler, M. & van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J.H.A., (2007): Horsetails and seedferns from the Anisian locality Kühwiesenkopf (Dolomites, Northern Italy). PDF file, Palaeontology 50 (5): 1277-1298.

E. Kustatscher and J.H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert (2005): The Ladinian Flora (Middle Triassic) of the Dolomites: palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and palaeoclimatic considerations. PDF file.

Evelyn Kustatscher, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, & Johanna H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht: The Flora of Kühwiesenkopf / Monte Prà della Vacca (Dolomites, N-Italy): An attempt to reconstruct an Anisian (middle Triassic) palaeoenvironment, and The Ladinian Flora (Middle Triassic) of the Dolomites: Palaeoenvironmental and Palaeoclimatic Considerations. Abstracts, The 15th Plant Taphonomy Meeting, Naturalis, National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands, 12-13th November 2004.

Evelyn Kustatscher, Michael Wachtler & Johanna H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert: A number of additional and revised taxa from the Ladinian flora of the Dolomites, northern Italy. Abstract, Geo. Alp, 1, 2004, p. 57-69. See also here (PDF file).

Evelyn Kustatscher, Johanna van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, Carmen Broglio Loriga and R. Posenato: The Anisian macroflora from Kühwiesenkopf/Monte Prà della Vacca in the Northern Dolomites (Italy). Abstract, The International Plant Taphonomy Meeting 2002, Bonn, Goldfuss Museum, Institute of Paleontology, Germany.

Conrad C. Labandeira (2010): The Pollination of Mid Mesozoic Seed Plants and the Early History of Long-proboscid Insects. PDF file, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 97: 469-513. See also here.

W.S. Lacey and R.C. Lucas (1981): The Triassic flora of Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands. PDF file, British Antarctic Survey Bulletin.

James C. Lendemer, Botany Department, Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia: Rediscovery of "lost" Triassic fossil plant types: Components of the Wilhelm Bock Collection in The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and in the Yale Peabody Museum. PDF file, PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA 152: 205-214. Images of Ginkgoites milfordensis, Elatocladus wanneri, Primaraucaria wielandi.

Leon (?), Australia: Fossils from South East Queensland, Australia. Images of Cladophlebis australis, Czekanowskia tenuifolia, Dicroidium odontopteroides, Dicroidium superbum, Dictyophylum davidi, Ginkgo antarcticus, Ginkgo digitata, Lepidopteris stormbergensis, Linguifolium denmeadi, Neocalamites carrerei, Neocalamites hoerensis, Phoenicopsis elongatus, Pterophyllum multilineatum, Schizoneura, Taeniopteris crassinervis, Thinnfeldia talbragarensis, Xylopteris elongata.

Marcelo Leppe et al. (2006): Paleobotánica del Triásico Superior del valle del río Biobío, Chile: Clase Filicopsida. Revista Geológica de Chile, 33: 81-107. See also here (PDF file).

! F. Leuthardt (1903): Die Keuperflora von Neuewelt bei Basel, 1. Phanerogamen. Abhandl. Schweiz. Paläontol. Ges., 30: 1-23. Websites hosted by Scribd, one of the largest social publishing and reading site in the world. See also here. (Internet Archive).
! F. Leuthardt (1904): Die Keuperflora von Neuewelt bei Basel, 2. Kryptogamen. Abhandl. Schweiz. Paläontol. Ges., 31: 25-46. Websites hosted by Scribd, one of the largest social publishing and reading site in the world. See also here (Internet Archive).

Ronald J. Litwin and Sidney R. Ash (1991): First early Mesozoic amber in the Western Hemisphere. Abstract, Geology, 19: 273-276.

Spencer G. Lucas, New Mexico Museum of Natural History, Albuquerque, NM: Upper Triassic megafossil plant biostratigraphy, Chinle Group, western United States. Botanical Society of America: Botany 2001. August 12 - 16, 2001; Albuquerque, New Mexico.

S.G. Lucas (1980): Upper Triassic Chinle Group, western United States: a nonmarine standard for late Triassic time. PDF file. In. Dilcher, D. and Taylor. T, eds., Biostratigraphy of fossil plants: ... See also here (Google books).

Adriana C. Mancuso et al. (2007): The Triassic insect fauna from the Los Rastros Formation (Bermejo Basin), La Rioja Province (Argentina): its context, taphonomy and paleobiology. Paleobiological reconstruction in fig. 6.

Luke Mander et al. (2010): An explanation for conflicting records of Triassic-Jurassic plant diversity. In PDF, PNAS, 107: 15351-15356. See also here.

C. Martín-Closas et al. (2009): Triassic charophytes from Slovenia: palaeogeographic implications. Abstract, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 252.

Leszek Marynowski et al. (2008): Systematic relationships of the Mesozoic wood genus Xenoxylon: an integrative biomolecular and palaeobotanical approach. PDF file, N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh., 247: 177-189.

J.C. McElwain et al. (2009): Fossil plant relative abundances indicate sudden loss of late Triassic biodiversity in East Greenland. PDF file, Science, 324: 1554-1556. See also here (abstract).

! Jennifer C. McElwain and Surangi W. Punyasena (2007): Mass extinction events and the plant fossil record. PDF file, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 22: 548-557. See also here (abstract).

McGowan, Alistair J., Ziegler, Alfred M.: PATTERNS OF GLOBAL PLANT DIVERSITY, GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE IN THE PERMIAN AND TRIASSIC.- Abstract, Summit 2000, Reno, Nevada; The Geological Society of America (GSA).

McManus, Hilary A., Edith L. Taylor, Thomas N. Taylor, and James W. Collinson: PETRIFIED GLOSSOPTERIS FROM COLLINSON RIDGE, SHACKLETON GLACIER AREA, ANTARCTICA. Abstract, XVI International Botanical Congress.

B. Meyer-Berthaud et al. (1993): Petrified Stems Bearing Dicroidium Leaves from the Triassic of Antarctica. In PDF, Palaeontology, 36.

Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud & Thomas N. Taylor (1992). Permineralized Conifer Axes from the Triassic of Antarctica. PDF file.

John M. Miller, University of California, Berkeley: gigantopteroid.org.

P. Moisan et al. (2012): Lycopsid-arthropod associations and odonatopteran oviposition on Triassic herbaceous Isoetites. In PDF, Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology.

M. Morales (1987): Terrestrial fauna and flora from the Triassic Moenkopi Formation of the southwestern United States. In PDF, Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science.

National Herbarium Pretoria (PRE), South Africa: Collections at the National Herbarium, Pretoria (PRE). Scroll down to: "Palaeobotany Herbarium". This houses a superb collection of fossil plants from over 100 localities in southern Africa. The main emphasis is on the Late Triassic Molteno Flora (200 million years ago).

Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefakten-Kunde 1860. By Karl Cäsar von Leonhard, Heinrich Georg Bronn (E. Schweizerbart's Verlagshandlung), digitized by Google Book Search. Go to: K. Fr. W Braun: Über das Bayreuther versteinte Holz.

Sven Nielsen, Geologisch Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Hamburg, Germany: The Triassic Santa Juana Formation, Chile. Abstract.

A.A. Óladóttir, Iceland GeoSurvey, Reykjavik, Iceland: An Introduction to the Mesozoic Palaeobotany. In PDF.

W.R.B. Oliver (1950): The Fossil Flora of New Zealand. Tuatara, 3.

P.E. Olsen et al. (2003): Causes and consequences of the Triassic-Jurassic mass extinction as seen from the Hartford basin. PDF file, in: Brady, J. B. and Cheney, J.T. (eds.) Guidebook for Field Trips in the Five College Region, 95th New England Intercollegiate Geological Conference, Department of Geology, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts, p. B5-1--B5-41.

Eduardo G. Ottone (2006): Triassic plants from the Rincón Blanco Group, San Juan Province, Argentina (in Spanish). Ameghiniana, 43: 477-486. The middle to upper Triassic flora of San Juan province.

Pal, A.K.; Chaudhuri, P.N.; Bose, S.; Ghosh, R.N.: A Middle Triassic age for the Kamthi (Hingir) Formation of the Lower Gondwana Ib-Hingir basin, Orissa, India: New Palaeobotanical Evidence. Newsletters on Stratigraphy, Volume 27, Number 1/2. p. 33-39.

Paläontologische Museum Nierstein: Image of Dioonitocarpidium pennaeforme (website in German).

Bill Parker, Arizona: Chinleana. Discussion of Late Triassic paleontology and other assorted topics. Go to:
Discovery of an Entire Fossil Cycad from the Late Triassic of China (September 07, 2009).

Petralga. The PETRALGA (PErmian & TRiassic ALGAe) Project was initiated in order to provide useful palaeontological tools for both Scientific Institutions and Industry.

C.J. Phipps et al. (1998): Osmunda (Osmundaceae) from the Triassic of Antarctica: an example of evolutionary stasis. PDF file, American Journal of Botany, 85: 888-895.

Kathleen B. Pigg, Department of Plant Biology, Arizona State University, Tempe: Triassic Floras-and Glossopterid History. A bibliography.

Etiene F. Pires & Margot Guerra-Sommer (Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil): Sommerxylon spiralosus from Upper Triassic in southernmost Paraná Basin (Brazil): a new taxon with taxacean affinity. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. vol.76 no.3 Rio de Janeiro; 2004. Download this article (PDF file).

Poinar, G. O. Jr., Waggoner, B. M., and Bauer, U.-C. 1993: Earliest terrestrial protists and other microorganisms in Triassic amber. Science 259(5092): 222-224.

Mihai Emilian Popa, Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Geology and Geophysics, University of Bucharest: Triassic-Jurassic flora of Jameson Land (NE Greenland). Photographs of Lepidopteris ottonis, Ptilozamites nilssonii, Stachyotaxus septentrionalis.

C. Pott and S. McLoughlin (2011): The Rhaetian flora of Rögla, northern Scania, Sweden. In PDF, Palaeontology, 54: 1025-1051.

! Christian Pott and Michael Krings (2010): Gymnosperm Foliage from the Upper Triassic of Lunz, Lower Austria: an annotated check list and identifiation key. PDF file, Geo.Alp, 7: 19-38.

C. Pott et al. (2008): Sphenophytes from the Carnian (Upper Triassic) of Lunz am See (Lower Austria). PDF file, Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt Wien, 148 183-199.

C. Pott et al. (2007): Pseudoctenis cornelii nov. spec. (cycadalean foliage) from the Carnian (Upper Triassic) of Lunz, Lower Austria. PDF file, Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien, 109 A: 1-17.

Pott, C., Kerp, J.H.F., Zijlstra, G. & van Konijnenburg-van Cittert, J.H.A. (2007): Proposal to conserve the name Pterophyllum (Foss., Bennettitales) with a conserved type. PDF file, Taxon 56 (3): 966-967.

! Christian Pott, Forschungsstelle für Paläobotanik, Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany: Lunz - a famous flora. Triassic (Carnian) macroplant remains from Austria. Go to: Gallery. Images of fossil plants sorted by collection. Also worth checking out: Literature concerning the Lunz flora and adjacent aspects. An extensive bibliography. Excellent!

National Museum Prague, Czech Republic. Palaeontological Collections, Hall 2 - Sternbergeum (Rhacopteris bipinnata), Life of the Upper Palaeozoic, i.e. the Carboniferous and Permian Periods of Bohemian Massif.

S.B. Pruss and D.J. Bottjer (2004): Late Early Triassic microbial reefs of the western United States: a description and model for their deposition in the aftermath of the end-Permian mass extinction. In PDF, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 211: 127-137.

G.J. Retallack et al. (2005): The Permian-Triassic boundary in Antarctica. PDF file, Antarctic Science, 17: 241-258.

Gregory J. Retallack, Evelyn S. Krull, and Scott E. Robinson, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene: Permian and Triassic paleosols and paleoenvironments of the central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica.

B. Rozynek (2008): Schozachia donaea n. gen., n. sp., a new cycad megasporophyll from the Middle Triassic (Ladinian) of Southern Germany. PDF file, PALAEODIVERSITY 1: 1-18.

Patricia E. Ryberg et al. (2008): Development and ecological implications of dormant buds in the high-Paleolaltitude Triassic sphenophyte Spaciinodum (Equisetaceae). PDF file, Am. J. Bot., 95: 1443-1453. See also here.

Patricia E. Ryberg et al. (2007): Buds and Branching in the Triassic sphenophyte Spaciinodum collinsonii. Abstract, Botany & Plant Biology 2007, Botanical Society of America, Chicago.

! R.A. Savidge (2007): Wood anatomy of Late Triassic trees in Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, USA, in relation to Araucarioxylon arizonicum Knowlton, 1889. PDF file, Bulletin of Geosciences, Vol. 82: 301-328.

August Schenk (1867): Die fossile Flora der Grenzschichten des Keupers und Lias Frankens. PDF file, provided by Google books. See also here.

! August Schenk (1864): Starting on page 51: Beiträge zur Flora des Keupers und der rhaetischen Formation. Bericht der naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg, 7: 51-142, 8 plates; Bamberg. In German, provided by Google books. Also downloadable from here (in PDF). One of the fundamental paper of Triassic palaeobotany! Excellent!

! Johann Lukas Schoenlein (text by August Schenk) (1865): Abbildungen von fossilen Pflanzen aus dem Keuper Frankens (in German). Provided by Google books. Also available in PDF.

A.B. Schwendemann et al. (2011): Morphological and functional stasis in mycorrhizal root nodules as exhibited by a Triassic conifer. In PDF.

! A.B. Schwendemann et al. (2010): Organization, anatomy, and fungal endophytes of a Triassic conifer embryo. In PDF, American Journal of Botany, 97: 1873-1883.

Andrew B. Schwendemann et al. (2007): Gondwanan Ferns from the Triassic of Antarctica. Abstract, Botany & Plant Biology 2007, Botanical Society of America, Chicago.

A.C. Scott et al.(2004): Evidence of plant-insect interactions in the Upper Triassic Molteno Formation of South Africa. PDF file, Journal of the Geological Society, London, 161: 401-410. See also here.

D.E. Shcherbakov (2008): Madygen, Triassic Lagerstätte number one, before and after Sharov. PDF file, Alavesia, 2: 113-124.

O. Shields, Journal of Biogeography (1998): Upper Triassic Pacific vicariance as a test of geological theories (PDF file).

S.A. Shorokhova (1997): Late Triassic floras in the Primorye region, Russia. In PDF.

A. Sopeña et al. (2009): New palynological and isotopic data for the Triassic of the western Cantabrian Mountains (Spain). PDF file, Journal of Iberian Geology, 35: 35-45.

A.K. Srivastava et al. (2010): Dicroidium: no more a Triassic Gondwana index fossil. PDF file.

Rudolf Stockar and Evelyn Kustatscher (2010): The Ladinian flora from the Cassina beds (Meride Limestone, Monte San Giorgio, Switzerland): preliminary results. PDF file, Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 116: 173-188. See also here (der Standard, Austria; in German).

C. Strullu-Derrien et al. (2012): Arthropod interactions with bennettitalean roots in a Triassic permineralized peat from Hopen, Svalbard Archipelago (Arctic). In PDF, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 348-349: 45-58.

The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm: Triassic and Jurassic plants of Scania.

Ge Sun et al. (2010): The Upper Triassic to Middle Jurassic strata and floras of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang, Northwest China. In PDF, Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 90: 203-214. See also here (abstract).

H. Süss et al. (2009): Drei neue fossile Hölzer der Morphogattung Primoginkgoxylon gen. nov. aus der Trias von Kenia. PDF file (in German), Feddes Repertorium, 120: 273 - 292. See also here (Abstract).

Department of Palaeobotany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm: Rhaetian and Jurassic plants of Scania. This database includes the Rhaetian and Jurassic plant fossils from Scania, southern Sweden, housed in the Stockholm collections.

Museum of Geology, Tartu, Estonia: Image of Alethopteris meriani, Triassic, Lunz, Austria.

Edith L. Taylor (1996): Enigmatic gymnosperms? Structurally preserved Permian and Triassic seed ferns from Antarctica. PDF file, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. See also here (abstract).

Edith L. Taylor and Thomas N. Taylor (2009): Seed ferns from the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic: Any angiosperm ancestors lurking there? PDF file, American Journal of Botany, 96: 237-251. See also here.

E.L. Taylor and P.E. Ryberg (2007): Tree growth at polar latitudes based on fossil tree ring analysis. PDF file, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 255: 246-264. See here.

! Edith L. Taylor & Vents Ivanov, Division of Paleobotany, Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence: Bibliography of Paleobotany. As of February, 2004, there are more than 50,000 entries in the database. In almost all cases, the complete reference is included. A small proportion of the entries have been indexed for keywords, mostly the newer literature. Excellent!

! Edith L. Taylor and Thomas N. Taylor: Structurally Preserved Permian and Triassic Floras from Antarctica. PDF file.

Edith L. Taylor et al. (2006): Mesozoic seed ferns: Old paradigms, new discoveries. PDF file, Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society, 133: 62-82.

Edith Taylor and Thomas Taylor, University of Kansas, Lawrence (U.S. Antarctic Program 2003-2004): BEARDMORE GLACIER REGION PROJECTS. PDF file. Scroll down to: "Permian and Triassic floras from the Beardmore Glacier region: Icehouse to greenhouse?"

TAYLOR, EDITH L., CARLY M. HARTER, AND THOMAS N. TAYLOR: Plant-animal interactions in the Triassic of Antarctica. Abstract, 1998 Annual Meeting of the Botanical Society of America, 2-6 August, 1998 Baltimore.

TAYLOR, EDITH L., THOMAS N. TAYLOR, RUBÉN CÚNEO, ANA ARCHANGELSKY, AND HANS KERP: Cupulate reproductive organs from the Triassic of the Shackleton Glacier area, Antarctica. Abstract, 1998 Annual Meeting of the Botanical Society of America, 2-6 August, 1998 Baltimore.

E. L. Taylor, T. N. Taylor, Dept. of Ecology and Evol. Biol., Univ. of Kansas, Lawrence, and B. J. Axsmith, Dept. of Biol. Scis., Univ. of South Alabama, Mobile: PHYLOGENY OF PERMIAN AND TRIASSIC SEED FERNS: NEW DATA FROM GONDWANA . Abstract (via wayback archive), XVI International Botanical Congress (IBC), 1-7 August 1999, Saint Louis.

Bruce H. Tiffney (University of California, Santa Barbara), Access Excellance, BioForum 4: The Influence of Plants on the Evolution of Terrestrial Communities. Go to Mesozoic reconstruction.

TOMESCU, ALEXANDRU MIHAIL FLORIAN and GAR W. ROTHWELL. Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Porter Hall, Athens: Exploring the cladistic relationships of sphenopsids. Abstract. Botany 2001, August 12 - 16, 2001; Albuquerque, New Mexico.

! John A. Townrow (1966): The Peltaspermaceae, a pteridosperm family of Permian and Triassic age. PDF file, Palaeontology, 3: 333-361.

R. Todesco et al. (2008): Preliminary report on a new vertebrate track and flora site from Piz da Peres (Anisian-Illyrian): Olang Dolomites, Northern Italy. In PDF, Geo.Alp, 5: 21-137.

Alejandro Troncoso (Instituto de Biología Vegetal y Biotecnología, Universidad de Talca, Chile) & Rafael Herbst, (PRINGEPA-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina): Ginkgoales del Triásico del norte de Chile (in Spain). Rev. geol. Chile, Dec. 1999, vol.26, no. 2.

V.P. Tverdokhlebov (2004): Buried Equisetites thickets from the Middle Triassic of the south Cis-Urals, Russia. In PDF, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Palaontologie

D. Uhl et al. (2008): Evidences for the Permian-Triassic Wildfire Event. In PDF.

Utrecht University, The Netherlands: Late Triassic and Triassic-Jurassic Research.

F. Vaez-Javadi (2006): Plant fossil remains from the Rhaetian of Shemshak Formation, Narges-Chal area, Alborz, NE Iran. PDF file.

van Konijnenburg-van Cittert et al. (2006): Middle Triassic (Anisian) ferns from Kühwiesenkopf (Monte Prádella Vacca), Dolomites, Northern Italy. In PDF, Palaeontology, 49: 943-968.

Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Museum of Natural History, Vienna: Plant fossils. Also worth checking out: Mesozoic at the Museum. Images of Voltzia heterophylla, Phoenicites, Araucaria mirabilis. See also here (Macropterygium bronnii).

Michael Wachtler, San Candido, Italy: Images of Triassic plants from the Dolomites.

J. Wade-Murphy and J.H.A. van Konijnenburg-van Cittert (2008): A revision of the Late Triassic Bintan flora from the Riau Archipelago (Indonesia). PDF file, Scripta Geologica, 136: 73-105. See also here.

X. Wang et al. (2009): The discovery of whole-plant fossil cycad from the Upper Triassic in western Liaoning. Abstract, Chinese Science Bulletin.

! Wang Xiaofeng et al. (2009): The Triassic Guanling fossil Group - A key GeoPark from Barren Mountain, Guizhou Province, China. A colony of Traumatocrinus sp. attached by root cirri to an agatized piece of driftwood! PDF file, from:
Jere H. Lipps and Bruno R.C. Granier (eds.) 2009, (e-book, hosted by Carnets): PaleoParks - The protection and conservation of fossil sites worldwide. Also available from here.

R. Weber (2008): Homomorfismo en Equisetaceae del Triásico: Asinisetum gen. nov., Equisetites aequecaliginosus Weber y conos asociados de Sonora, México (PDF file, in Spanish, with English and German abstracts). In: R. Weber (ed.): Plantas triásicas y jurásicas de México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología, Boletín 115: 1-83.

R. Weber (2008): Phlebopteris (Matoniaceae) en el Triásico y Jurásico de México (PDF file, in Spanish). In R. Weber (ed.): Plantas triásicas y jurásicas de México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geología, Boletín, 115: 85-115.

R. Weber (2005): Equisetites aequecaliginosus sp. nov., ein Riesenschachtelhalm aus der spättriassischen Formation Santa Clara, Sonora, Mexiko. PDF file, (in German). Revue de Paléobiologie, Genève, 24: 331-364.

R. Weber (1999): New and poorly known ferns from the Santa Clara Formation (Late Triassic, Sonora) NW-Mexico. III. Marattiales. Tranquilia Herbst. A panamerican dimorphous genus. PDF file, Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 16: 175-186.

R. Weber (1997): How old is the Triassic flora of Sonora and Tamaulipas and news on Leonardian floras in Puebla and Hidalgo, Mexico. PDF file, Revista mexicana de ciencias geológicas.

R. Weber, Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México: Triassic of Sonora. Picture gallery. See also here (in German). You may also navigate from the overview website.

Conghui Xiong and Qi Wang (2011): Permian-Triassic land-plant diversity in South China: Was there a mass extinction at the Permian/Triassic boundary? PDF file, Paleobiology, 37: 157-167.

X. Yao et al. (1993): The triassic seed cone Telemachus from Antarctica PDF file, Review of palaeobotany and palynology, 78.

Jianxin Yu et al. (2010): Annalepis, a pioneering lycopsid genus in the recovery of the Triassic land flora in South China. Abstract, Comptes Rendus Palevol., 9: 479-486.

Yuri D. Zakharov et al. (2009): Permian to earliest Cretaceous climatic oscillations in the eastern Asian continental margin (Sikhote-Alin area), as indicated by fossils and isotope data. PDF file, GFF, 131: 25-47. See also here.

Shuqin Zan et al. (2012): A new Neocalamites (Sphenophyta) with prickles and attached cones from the Upper Triassic of China. Abstract.

M. Zaton et al. (2005): Late Triassic charophytes around the bone-bearing bed at Krasiejów (SW Poland) -- palaeoecological and environmental remarks. PDF file, Acta Geologica Polonica, 55: 83-293.

N. Zavialova et al. (2010): Spore ultrastructure of Selaginellites leonardii and diversity of selaginellalean spores. In PDF, Geo.Alp 7: 1-17.

Zhang Wangping, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, and J. A. Grant-Mackie, Department of Geology, University of Auckland: Late Triassic-Early Jurassic palynofloral assemblages from Murihiku strata of New Zealand, and comparisons with China. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, abstracts.

Z. Zhiyan and W. Xiangwu (2006): The rise of ginkgoalean plants in the early Mesozoic: a data analysis. In PDF, Geo. J., 41: 363-375.

A.M. Ziegler et al. (1996): Mesozoic assembly of Asia: constraints from fossil floras, tectonics, and paleomagnetism. PDF file, In: The Tectonic Evolution of Asia, A. Yin and M. Harrison (eds.), pp. 371-400. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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