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Introductions to both Fossil and Recent Plant Taxa /
Cyanobacteria and Stromatolites
John Adamek et al. (including fossil dealers): The Virtual Fossil Museum. Go to: Stromatolite.
American Society for Microbiology: A Manual of Biofilm related exercises. An online collection of exercises which can be conducted to illustrate the formation and properties of microbial biofilms.
! Microbial Mat Research at Ames Research Center: What are Microbial Mats?
L. Battison and M.D. Brasier (2009): Exceptional Preservation of Early Terrestrial Communities in Lacustrine Phosphate One Billion Years Ago. Abstract.
! F.A. Battistuzzi and S.B. Hedges (2009): Archaebacteria., and Eubacteria. PDF files, In: S.B. Hedges and S. Kumar (eds.): The Timetree of Life (see here).
! Nicholas H. Barton (Edinburgh University), Derek E.G. Briggs (Yale University), Jonathan A. Eisen (University of California, Davis), David B. Goldstein (Duke University Medical Center), and Nipam H. Patel (University of California, Berkeley): Evolution (by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press). This textbook is designed to serve as the primary text for undergraduate courses in evolution. It differs from currently available alternatives in containing more molecular biology than is traditionally the case. Go to: Table of Contents: Some figures and tables free of charge! See: Evolution Figures: Chapter 4.
Ernst-Georg Beck, Merian-Schule Freiburg: Biokurs (in German). Go to: Präkambrium: Hadäan (4,6 Milliarden Jahre - 3,8 Milliarden Jahre).
Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkely: Introduction to the Cyanobacteria. Architects of earth's atmosphere.
Pierre-André Bourque, Département de géologie et de génie géologique, Université Laval, Québec, Canada: Planète Terre, Les stromatolites (in French). See also here.
Brehm, Ulrike, Krumbein, Wolfgang E. and Palinska, K.: Microbial Spheres from Microbial Mats. PDF file; In: Fossil and recent Biofilms A natural History of Life on Earth, p.161-172, edited by Krumbein WE, Paterson DW, Zavarzin, GA, Kluwer Academic Press Publishers, 2003.
Alison Campbell, Penelope Cooke, Kathrin Cass and Kerry Earl, The "Evolution for Teaching" Website Project, University of Waikato, New Zealand: The Evolution of Life. Information about the evolution of life on Earth. Go to: The earliest cells and stromatolites - The Archaean Period (3800 m.y. - 2500m.y.)
! Michael Clayton, Department of Botany,
University of Wisconsin, Madison:
Instructional Technology (BotIT).
Some image collections. Excellent! Go to:
Bacteria
! Maggie Currie, Hooper Virtual Natural History Museum, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada: The Wonderful World of Stromatolites.
Heribert Cypionka, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Germany: Microbiological Garden.
A.W. Decho (2000): Microbial biofilms in intertidal systems: an overview. In PDF, Continental Shelf Research, 20.
C. Diéguez et al. (2009):
A
fern-bennettitalean floral assemblage in Tithonian-Berriasian travertine deposits
(Aguilar Formation, Burgos-Palencia, N Spain) and its palaeoclimatic and vegetational
implications. In PDF, Journal of Iberian Geology, 35: 127-140.
Specimens preserved as impressions coated with a
microbial film up to 5 mm thick made up of bacteria and cyanobacteria.
Yoichi Ezaki et al., Department of Geosciences, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Osaka, Japan: Earliest Triassic Microbialite Micro- to Megastructures in the Huaying Area of Sichuan Province, South China: Implications for the Nature of Oceanic Conditions after the End-Permian Extinction. Abstract, PALAIOS, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 388-402.
Jack Farmer, Arizona State University: Microbial Mats and Stromatolites. PDF file.
R.L. Folk (2005): Nannobacteria and the formation of framboidal pyrite: Textural evidence. PDF file, Journal of Earth System Science, 114: 369-374.
Fossil Mall (stores of fossil dealers): Stromatolite Fossils, and Stromatolite References.
Friends of Petrified Sea Gardens, Inc.: Saratoga Springs, New York. National natural and historic landmark. The "Petrified Sea Garden" is a fossilized stromatolite ocean-reef 500 million-years-old.
Anthony G. Futcher, Columbia Union College, Maryland: Plant Diversity. A lot of facts about plant groups, fungi, plant-like protists, and monerans, including taxonomy, life cycles, general structure, and representative genera. Go to: Division Cyanophyta - Blue-green Algae/Bacteria.
James G. Gehling, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles: Siliciclastics: Ediacaran Death Masks. Abstract, Palaios Vol. 14.1 (via wayback).
Bob Keller, Bob's Rock Shop: Stromatolite Fossils in the Hakatai Shale. A Day Hike from Phantom Ranch - Grand Canyon National Park.
! Dave Krogmann, Purdue University (supported by the Department of Biological Sciences at Purdue University): Cyanosite. A webserver for cyanobacterial research. Visit the Cyanobacteria image gallery presenting over 200 images or videos of cyanobacteria.
Krumbein, Wolfgang E., Brehm, Ulrike, Gerdes, Gisela, Gorbushina, A. A., Levit, G. and Palinska, K.: Biofilm, Biodictyon, and Biomat - Biolaminites, Oolites, Stromatolites - Geophysiology, Global mechanisms and Parahistology. PDF file; In: Fossil and recent Biofilms A natural History of Life on Earth, p.1-28, edited by Krumbein WE, Paterson DW, Zavarzin, GA, Kluwer Academic Press Publishers, 2003.
Kungl. Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm: The Crafoord Prize. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Crafoord Prize in Biosciences 2003 of USD 500 000 to Carl R. Woese, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA "for his discovery of a third domain of life".
U. Kutschera (2009): Symbiogenesis, natural selection, and the dynamic Earth. PDF file, Theory Biosci., 128: 191-203.
Conrad C. Labandeira (2005): Invasion of the continents: cyanobacterial crusts to tree-inhabiting arthropods. In PDF, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 20.
Levit, G. and Krumbein, Wolfgang E.: Is there an adequate terminology of biofilms and microbial mats? PDF file; In: Fossil and recent Biofilms A natural History of Life on Earth, p.353-362, edited by Krumbein WE, Paterson DW, Zavarzin, GA, Kluwer Academic Press Publishers, 2003.
Kevin Lepot et al., (2008): Microbially influenced formation of 2,724-million-year-old stromatolites. Abstract, Nature Geoscience 1: 118 - 121.
Ruta B. Limaye et al. (2007): Non-pollen palynomorphs as potential palaeoenvironmental indicators in the Late Quaternary sediments of the west coast of India. PDF file, CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 92, NO. 10.
Jere H. Lipps, Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, CA (The Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research): Fossil Prokaryotes and Protists: a Slide Set. The Cushman Foundation, a non-profit public foundation, was founded for the purpose of publishing results of research on Foraminiferida and allied organisms. Go to: Stromatolites and Prokaryotes.
Rolf Ludvigsen & Brian Chatterton, Natural Resources Canada: Past lives: Chronicles of Canadian paleontology. Accounts, stories and anecdotes about the people who collected or studied specific Canadian fossils. Go to: Gunflint Chert, and Pethei stromatolites.
Barry Marsh, School of Ocean and Earth Science University of Southampton, UK: Geology Collection. These pages are a virtual collection of geological specimens used for teaching, research and displays. Go to: Fossils, Algae and Stromatoporoids.
IAN G. MACINTYRE,Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC; LESLIE PRUFERT-BEBOUT and R. PAMELA REID: The role of endolithic cyanobacteria in the formation of lithified laminae in Bahamian stromatolites. Sedimentology (2000) 47, 915-921.
Mount Allison University, Canada (mediawiki.mmab.ca): Recap of Archean Proterozoic Life (Powerpoint presentation).
! Palaeobotanical Research Group, Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms University, Münster, Germany. History of Palaeozoic Forests, THE EARLIEST LIFE. Link list page with picture rankings. Images of precambrian microfossils and stromatolites. The links give the most direct connections to pictures available on the web; in many cases they are from sites that have additional palaeobotanical information.
NASA Astrobiology Institute:
What are Microbial Mats? and
What are Stromatolites? See also:
Microbial Mat
and Stromatolite Image gallery. (Shockwave flash presentation).
! N. Noffke et al. (2001): Microbially induced sedimentary structures: A new category within the classification of primary sedimentary structures. PDF file.
Geobiology, Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford University: Questioning the evidence for Earth's oldest fossils,
Pan Terra Inc., Hill City, SD: Early Life on Earth, Stromatolites.
R.P. Reid et al. (2000): The role of microbes in accretion, lamination and early lithification of modern marine stromatolites. In PDF, Nature.
A. Yu. Rozanov, Paleontological Institute RAS, Moscow, Russia: Bacterial Paleontology.
Rolf Schauder, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany: The world of microbes. Microbial Diversity Course 1997, MBL, Woods Hole. Go to: Microbial Mats.
Jürgen Schieber, Department of Geology, The University of Texas at Arlington: Microbial Mat Page. See also: Microbial Mats in Terrigenous Clastics: The Challenge of Identification in the Rock Record. Abstract, Palaios 14.1, 1999 (via wayback).
Bettina E. Schirrmeister et al. (2011): The origin of multicellularity in cyanobacteria. PDF file, BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11.
Mark A. Schneegurt, Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University: Cyanosite. A webserver for cyanobacterial research.
J. William Schopf, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, the Molecular Biology Institute,
and the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP), University
of California, Los Angeles:
Cradle of Life: The Discovery of Earth's Earliest Fossils. Go to:
Chapter 1: Darwin's Dilemma, and Chapter 2: Birth of a New Field of Science.
Sample chapters, provided by Princetown University Press. Sample chapters actually have been mounted for
professors' convenience in evaluating books for class use.
See also:
Just pure chemistry? (by Dagmar Röhrlich, Deutschlandfunk).
New discussions about the oldest fossils (in German).
SciQuest.com: Geology, Evolution upset: Oxygen-making microbes came last, not first.
! Thomas N. Taylor and Michael Krings (2005): Fossil microorganisms and land plants: Associations and interactions. PDF file, Symbiosis, 40: 119-135.
Kenneth Todar, Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison: Biological Identity of Procaryotes.
Amy Todd, Pennsylvania State University: Archaebacteria.
The Biology Project (an interactive online resource for learning biology), University of Arizona, Tucson: Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, & Viruses Tutorial. The goal of this exercise is to introduce to the kinds of cells that make up all living systems (Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes), and to contrast cells with viruses.
Hugo van den Berg, Department of Theoretical Biology, Faculty of Biology Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Microbial mats.
The Virtual Fossil Museum Fossils across geological time and evolution: Fossil Image Galleries, Stromatolites of America.
Ben Waggoner & Brian Speer, Mineraltown.com: Bacteria: Fossil Record.
Jeff Warner, Fullerton College, Fullerton, California: Domed Cyanobacterial Cabbage-Head Stromatolites. Hoyt Limestone, Late Cambrian; Lester Park, New York
! David T. Webb, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu: The Plant Kingdom, Form & Function in Algae & Plants, Cyanophyta - Cyanobacteria. A well illustrated introduction and detailed overview on many aspects of cyanobacter biology.
West Holidays, Perth, Western Australia: Hamelin Pool. An Australian tourism site about Shark Bay stromatolites.
! Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: Microbial mat, and Stromatolite.
Woese CR, Kandler O, & Wheelis ML., Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois, Urbana: Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya. See also here.
Astrobiology Institute, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution: Astrobiology Microscope This site has images of bacteria and protists, classification schemes, descriptions of organisms, talks and other educational resources to improve awareness of the biodiversity of microbial life.
Marine Biology Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA,
and Montana State University, Bozeman, MT:
Microbial Life - Educational Resources.
This site contains a variety of educational and supporting materials for students
and teachers of microbiology. You will find information about microorganisms, extremophiles and
extreme habitats, as well as links to online resources, teaching and learning activities.
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