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Fossil Animal Plant Interaction
! S. Adl et al. (2010): Reconstructing the soil food web of a 100 million-year-old forest: The case of the mid-Cretaceous fossils in the amber of Charentes (SW France). PDF file, Soil Biology & Biochemistry. See also here.
B. Adroit et al. (2021):
Patterns
of insect damage types reflect complex environmental signal in
Miocene forest biomes of Central Europe and the Mediterranean. In PDF,
Global and Planetary Change.
Note
fig. 3N: Preservation of insect oviposition on Salix sp.
B. Adroit et al. (2018):
Plant-insect
interactions patterns in three European paleoforests of the
late-Neogene—early-Quaternary. Open access,
PeerJ, 6:e5075. See also
here
(in PDF).
"... our results tend to support that
the hydric seasonality and the mean temperature of the coolest months could be
potential factors influencing fossil plant–insect interactions".
A.A. Agrawa (2007): Macroevolution of plant defense strategies. PDF file, Trends in Ecology & Evolution.
Richard Alley, Pennsylvania State University:
Living on Earth I: Evolution & Extinction,
Geology of
the National Parks. Powerpoint presentation.
Now recovered from the Internet Archive´s
Wayback Machine.
!
Notice the animal-plant interaction on sheet 16!
Anto Anu et al. (2009): Seasonality of litter insects and relationship with rainfall in a wet evergreen forest in south Western Ghats. PDF file, Journal of Insect Science, 9. Now via Way back machine.
!
J. Asar et al. (2022):
Early
diversifications of angiosperms and their insect pollinators: were they unlinked? Free access.
Trends in Plant Science, 27: 858-869.
See also
here.
Note figure 1: Emergence of crown angiosperms and insect pollinators.
Figure 2. Phylogeny of seed plants, depicting pollination modes of both extinct and extant lineages.
AScribe (press release), USA: 96-Million-Year-Old Fossil Pollen Sheds Light on Early Pollinators.
M.P. Ayres, T.P. Clausen, S.F. MacLean, A.M. Redman, and P.B. Reichardt (1997): Diversity of structure and antiherbivore activity in condensed tannins. PDF file, Ecology 78: 1696-1712.
L. Azevedo-Schmidt et al. (2022):
Insect
herbivory within modern forests is greater than
fossil localities. Free access,
PNAS, 119.
Note figure 2: Frequency of herbivory damage in fossil and Recent assemblages.
! L.H. Bailey Hortorium, Dept. Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY: History of Biotic Pollination. Snapshot taken by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
E.S. Bakker et al. (2016): Combining paleo-data and modern exclosure experiments to assess the impact of megafauna extinctions on woody vegetation. PNAS, 113: 847-855.
M. Barbacka et al. (2022):
Early
Jurassic coprolites: insights into palaeobotany and the feeding
behaviour of dinosaurs. In PDF, Papers in Palaeontology.
See also
here.
P.M. Barrett (2014): Paleobiology of herbivorous dinosaurs. Abstract, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences.
D. Barthelt-Ludwig et al. (2004): Rätsel im Stein – Auf paläontologischer Spurensuche. PDF file, in German.
! J. Bascompte and P. Jordano (2007): Plant-animal mutualistic networks: the architecture of biodiversity. In Word doc, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst. See also here (abstract).
A.L. Beck and C.C. Labandeira (1998): Early Permian insect folivory on a gigantopterid-dominated riparian flora from north-central Texas. In PDF, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 142: 139-173. See also here.Roy J. Beckemeyer, Wichita: Fossil Insects. Permian fossil insects from Elmo, Kansas, and Midco, Oklahoma.
B.B. Blaimer et al. (2023):
Key
innovations and the diversification of Hymenoptera. Free access,
Nature Communications, 14.
See also
here.
Note figure 1: Family-level phylogeny of Hymenoptera.
Figure 2: Timeline and evolution of parasitoidismin Hymenoptera.
! J.L. Blois et al. (2013) Climate Change and the Past, Present, and Future of Biotic Interactions. In PDF, Science 341.
Helen Briggs, BBC News Online: Oldest hamster food store found. A hoard of nuts (Miocene in age) discovered in an open-cast mine near Garzweiler (Germany).
!
N. Brocklehurst et al. (2020):
The
origin of tetrapod
herbivory: effects on local plant diversity. Free access,
Proc. R. Soc. B 287: 20200124.
"... findings suggest that plant richness was to some extent structured
by vertebrate herbivory from its earliest origins more
than 300 Mya. Studies of modern ecosystems suggest that
this should be the case, ..."
C.M. Brown et al. (2020): Dietary palaeoecology of an Early Cretaceous armoured dinosaur (Ornithischia; Nodosauridae) based on floral analysis of stomach contents. Open access, R. Soc. Open Sci., 7: 200305.
M.C. Brundrett (2002):
Coevolution
of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants. In PDF,
New phytologist, 154: 275-304.
Provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
R.J. Butler et al. (2009): Diversity patterns amongst herbivorous dinosaurs and plants during the Cretaceous: implications for hypotheses of dinosaur/angiosperm co-evolution. PDF file, Journal of Evolutionary Biol., 22: 446-459. See also here (abstract).
! R.J. Butler et al. (2009): Testing co-evolutionary hypotheses over geological timescales: interactions between Mesozoic non-avian dinosaurs and cycads. PDF file, Biol. Rev., 84: 73-89. See also here (abstract).
R.J. Butler et al. (2009): Diversity patterns amongst herbivorous dinosaurs and plants during the Cretaceous: implications for hypotheses of dinosaur/angiosperm co-evolution. Free access, Journal of Evolutionary Biol., 22: 446-459.
C. Cai et al. (2018): Beetle Pollination of Cycads in the Mesozoic. Abstract, Current Bialogy, 28: 2806-2812. See also here and there.
William Cannon, Smithsonian magazine: Stories in Stone Read From Ancient Leaves. A Smithsonian scientist studies the relationship between Eocene insects and the plants they ate.
S.C. Cappellari et al. (2013): Evolution: Pollen or Pollinators — Which Came First? Open access, Current Biology, 23.
B. Cariglino (2018): Patterns of insect-mediated damage in a Permian Glossopteris flora from Patagonia (Argentina) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 507: 39-51. See also here.
S.W. Carmichael (2019): Did Beetles Pollinate Ancient Plants? A review. Free access, MicroscopyToday, 27: 8-11
J.A. Caruso et al. (2012): Microconchid encrusters colonizing land plants: the earliest North American record from the Early Devonian of Wyoming, USA. In PDF, Lethaia, 45: 490-494.
!
R. Cenci and K. Adami-Rodrigues (2017):
Record
of gall abundance as a possible episode of radiation and speciation of
galling insects, Triassic, Southern Brazil. In PDF,
Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia, 20: 279-286.
See also
here
and
there.
P. Cennamo et al. (2014): Epiphytic Diatom Communities on Sub-Fossil Leaves of Posidonia oceanica Delile in the Graeco-Roman Harbor of Neapolis: A Tool to Explore the Past. In PDF, American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5: 549-553.
W.G. Chaloner et al. (1991): Fossil Evidence for Plant-Arthropod Interactions in the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. PDF file, Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 333: 177-186. See also here.
A. Channing and D.E. Wujek (2010):
Preservation
of protists within decaying plants from geothermally influenced wetlands of Yellowstone
National Park, Wyoming, United States. PDF file, Palaios, 25: 347-355.
See also
here.
A. Chaudhary et al. (2018): Plant defenses against herbivorous insects: A Review. In PDF, International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6: 681-688. See also here.
L. Chen et al. (2021): Ovipositor and mouthparts in a fossil insect support a novel ecological role for early orthopterans in 300 million years old forests. In PDF, eLife.
Karen Chin (Nature 451, 1053;2008): Pest friends in the Cretaceous. Fossils preserved in amber hint at surprising links between dinosaurs and their insect contemporaries. Book review: What Bugged the Dinosaurs? Insects, Disease, and Death in the Cretaceous; by George Poinar, Jr & Roberta Poinar, Princeton University Press, 2008. 296 pp.
L. Chittka et al. (1999): Flower Constancy, Insect Psychology, and Plant Evolution. In PDF.
Fred Clouter, Lower Eocene Fossils of the Isle of Sheppey: Fossil Trees & Logs. Teredo borings.
P.D. Coley (1999): Hungry herbivores seek a warmer world. PDF file.
! M.E. Collinson and J.J. Hooker (1991): Fossil Evidence of Interactions between Plants and Plant-Eating Mammals. In PDF, Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences, 333: 197-208.
!
P. Correia et al. (2020):
The
History of Herbivory on Sphenophytes: A New Calamitalean with an Insect Gall from the Upper
Pennsylvanian of Portugal and a Review of Arthropod Herbivory on an Ancient Lineage. In PDF,
Int. J. Plant Sci., 181. See also
here.
Please take notice of
fig. 3: Interpretative-view drawing
of Annularia paisii sp. nov. and Paleogallus carpannularites ichnosp. nov.
Fig. 4: Reconstruction of the parasitic relationship between the insect-induced gall
Paleogallus carpannularites ichnosp. nov. and its calamitalean
host plant.
Paleobotanical Holdings at the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium at Cornell University, Dept. Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY: History of Biotic Pollination. Provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
Richard Cowen, Department of Geology, University of California, Davis: Studying Evolution. Mini-essays and sub-sections concerning evolution. See: Coevolution: Plants and Pollinators.
!
P.R. Crane and A.B. Leslie (2013):
Major
Events in the Evolution of Land Plants. In PDF. The Princeton Guide to Evolution.
1. Phylogenetic framework.
2. Origin and diversification of land plants.
3. Origin and diversification of vascular plants.
4. Origin and diversification of seed plants.
5. Origin and diversification of flowering plants.
6. Innovation in the land plant body.
7. Innovation in land plant reproduction.
8. Co-evolution with animals.
9. Patterns of extinction.
See also
here, and
there
(Google books).
E.D. Currano et al. (2021): Scars on fossil leaves: An exploration of ecological patterns in plant–insect herbivore associations during the Age of Angiosperms. In PDF, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 582. See also here.
E.D. Currano (2010): Green food through time. Abstract, Palaios, 25: 547-549.
E.D. Currano et al. (2008): Sharply increased insect herbivory during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. Free access, PNAS, 105: 1960-1964.
K. De Baets and D.T.J. Littlewood (2015): The Importance of Fossils in Understanding the Evolution of Parasites and Their Vectors. Advances in Parasitology, 90: 1–51. ! See also here (in PDF).
DEEMY Characterization and DEtermination of EctoMYcorrhizae (by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Dept. Biologie I - Systematische Mykologie). DEEMY is a research database (including images) for identifying and characterizing ectomycorrhizae fungus-plant interactions.
W. de Haan (2020): Pollination: Cooperation or Arms Race? An analysis of competition in biotic pollination. In PDF, Bachelor thesis.
Q. Ding et al. (2014): Biology of a leaf miner (Coleoptera) on Liaoningocladus boii (Coniferales) from the Early Cretaceous of northeastern China and the leaf-mining biology of possible insect culprit clades. In PDF, Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 72: 281-308.
!
W.A. DiMichele and H.J. Falcon-Lang (2011):
Pennsylvanian
"fossil forests" in growth position (T0 assemblages): origin,
taphonomic bias and palaeoecological insights. PDF file,
Journal of the Geological Society, London, 168: 585-605.
See also
here.
Note fig. 14 (PDF page 17),
Animals using hollow Sigillarian
stumps as refuges from fire.
M.P. Donovan et al. (2020): Persistent biotic interactions of a Gondwanan conifer from Cretaceous Patagonia to modern Malesia. In PDF, Communications Biology, 3.
Dong Ren, National Geological Museum of China, Beijing: Flower-Associated Brachycera Flies as Fossil Evidence for Jurassic Angiosperm Origins.
A. Duhin et al. (2022): Early land plants: Plentiful but neglected nutritional resources for herbivores? Open access, Ecology and Evolution, 12.
J.A. Dunlop and R.J. Garwood (2017): Terrestrial invertebrates in the Rhynie chert ecosystem. In PDF, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 373: 20160493.
L.A. Dyer and D.K. Letourneau (2003):
Top-down and bottom-up diversity
cascades in detrital versus living food webs.
PDF file, Ecology Letters 6:60-68.
Now recovered from the Internet Archive´s
Wayback Machine.
G. Edirisooriya and H.A. Dharmagunawardhane (2013): Plant Insect-Interactions in Jurassic Fossil Flora from Sri Lanka. In PDF, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 3.
! The EDNA fossil insect database (named after Edna Clifford): EDNA aims to be a complete, fully interactive list of all the species of insect named from the fossil record, including site, geological age and reference for each holotype. Read the Help Searching for better search results.
! D. Edwards et al. (2020): Further evidence for fungivory in the Lower Devonian (Lochkovian) of the Welsh Borderland, UK. Open access, PalZ, 94: 603–618.
Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham,
Surrey, UK: Research activities,
Animal -plant interactions.
M. El Hedeny et al. (2020): Bivalve borings in Maastrichtian fossil Nypa fruits: Dakhla Formation, Bir Abu Minqar, South Western Desert, Egypt. In PDF, Ichnos, DOI: 10.1080/10420940.2020.1784158. See also here.
EnchantedLearning.com: DINOSAURS AND PLANTS. An easy to understand introduction about the food chain of sauropods and Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous plants.
I.V. Enushchenko and A.O. Frolov (2020): Revision of existing classification of fossil insect feeding traces and description of new ichnotaxa from Middle Jurassic sediments of Eastern Siberia (Russia). In PDF, Zootaxa, 4758: 347–359.
Neal L. Evenhuis, Department of Natural Sciences, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii: Catalogue of the fossil flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera).
Michael J. Everhart, Sternberg Museum of Natural History, Fort Hays State University: OCEANS OF KANSAS - A Natural History of the Western Interior Sea (Indiana University Press, 2005), Shipworm borings (teredo) in wood.
C.T. Faulkner (2014): A Retrospective Examination of Paleoparasitology and its Establishment in the Journal of Parasitology. In PDF, Papers in Natural Resources, 402.
Z. Feng et al. (2023):
Specialized
herbivory in fossil leaves reveals
convergent origins of nyctinasty. Open access
Current Biaology. Note also:
Urzeitlicher
Blatt-Schlaf im Spiegel von Fraßspuren. In German, Bild der Wissenschaft.
Z. Feng et al. (2021): Plant–insect interactions in the early Permian Wuda Tuff Flora, North China. Free access, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 294.
Z. Feng et al. (2019): Beetle borings in wood with host response in early Permian conifers from Germany. Free access, PalZ.
Z. Feng et al. (2017): Late Permian wood-borings reveal an intricate network of ecological relationships. In PDF, Nature Communications, 8. See also here. (abstract).
L.E. Fiorelli et al. (2013): The oldest known communal latrines provide evidence of gregarism in Triassic megaherbivores. Sci Rep., 3.
F. Fraser et al. (2020): Investigating Biotic Interactions in Deep Time. Free accesss, Trends in Ecology & Evolution.
N.C. Fraser et al. (1996): A Triassic lagerstätte from eastern North America. PDF file, Nature, 380: 615–619. See also here.
Jörg Fröbisch and Robert R. Reisz (2009): The Late Permian herbivore Suminia and the early evolution of arboreality in terrestrial vertebrate ecosystems. Abstract, see also here (brief summary by Matt Celeskey). The earliest tree-dweller in the late Permian.
! D.J. Futuyma and A.A. Agrawal (2009): Macroevolution and the biological diversity of plants and herbivores. In PDF.
O.F. Gallego et al. (2011):
The
most ancient Platyperlidae (Insecta, Perlida= Plecoptera) from early Late Triassic deposits in southern South America.
In PDF, Ameghiniana, 48: 447-461. See also
here
(abstract).
Please take notice: Fig. 8,
the reconstruction by Carsten Brauckmann and Elke Gröening. A plecopteran nymph over
a Dicroidium leaf under the water surface.
R. Garrouste et al. (2016):
Insect
mimicry of plants dates back to the Permian.
Nat. Commun., 7: 13735.
Figure 3 shows a reconstruction of Permotettigonia gallica gen. et sp. nov.
on Taeniopteris sp.
! Robert A. Gastaldo et al. (2005): Taphonomic Trends of Macrofloral Assemblages Across the Permian-Triassic Boundary, Karoo Basin, South Africa. PDF file, Palaios. See also here.
C.T. Gee (2013): Sauropod herbivory and the Mesozoic flora. Conference abstract, in PDF; Go to PDF page 22.
C.T. Gee (2011, starting on PDF page 46):
Dietary
options for the sauropod dinosaurs from an integrated botanical and
paleobotanical perspective. In PDF, In: Biology of the sauropod dinosaurs:
Understanding the life of giants (ed. N. Klein, K. Remes, C.T. Gee and P. M. Sander).
Indiana University Press, Bloomington.
See also
here
. Provided by Google books.
Carole T. Gee (2008): Sauropod food plants from physiological and paleobotanical perspectives. Abstract, 18th Plant Taphonomy Meeting, Vienna, Austria.
C.T. Gee et al. (2003): A Miocene rodent nut cache in coastal dunes of the Lower Rhine Embayment, Germany. In PDF, Palaeontology, 46. See also here (abstract).
J.F. Genise et al. (2020): 100 Ma sweat bee nests: Early and rapid co-diversification of crown bees and flowering plants. Open access, PLoS ONE 15: e0227789.
Geological Society of America: GSA Annual Meeting, November 5-8, 2001, Boston, Massachusetts: Insects and Terrestrial Arthropods in the Fossil Record: Are So Many Really Represented by So Few? Abstracts.
Geology.com.
This is one of the internet´s leading websites for earth science news and information. Go to:
Peanut Wood.
G. Geyer and K.-P. Kelber (1987): Flügelreste und Lebensspuren von Insekten aus dem Unteren Keuper Mainfrankens. PDF file, (in German).
E.H. Gierlowski-Kordesch and C.F. Cassle (2015): The "Spirorbis" problem revisited: Sedimentology and biology of microconchids in marine-nonmarine transitions. Abstract, Earth-Science Reviews. See also here.
F.L. Gill et al. (2018): Diets of giants: the nutritional value of sauropod diet during the Mesozoic. Free access, Palaeontology, 61: 647–658.
J.J. Glas et al. (2012): Plant Glandular Trichomes as Targets for Breeding or Engineering of Resistance to Herbivores. In PDF, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 13: 17077-17103.
R. Gorelick (2001): Did insect pollination cause increased seed plant diversity? PDF file, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 74: 407-427.
L. Grauvogel-Stamm & K.-P. Kelber (1996): Plant-insect interactions and coevolution during the Triassic in Western Europe.- PDF file, 30 MB! Paleontologica Lombardia, N. S. 5: 5-23, 31 fig.; Milano. Abstract available here.
M. Grünemeier (2017):
Not
just hyphae — the amber mite Glaesacarus rhombeus as a forager on
hardened resin surfaces and a potential scavenger on trapped insects. In PDF,
Palaeodiversity, 10.
Note fig. 5: Illustration depicting the possible behaviour of Glaesacarus rhombeus on the bark of Pinus succinifera with a trapped spider.
N.L. Gunter et al. (2016): If Dung Beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) Arose in Association with Dinosaurs, Did They Also Suffer a Mass Co-Extinction at the K-Pg Boundary?. Open access, PLOS ONE, DOI:10.1371.
H. Hagdorn et al. (2015):
15.
Fossile Lebensgemeinschaften im Lettenkeuper. - p. 359-385, PDF file, in German.
Go to PDF page 8:
!
Bite traces on plants from the germanotype Lower Keuper (Lettenkeuper, Erfurt Formation, Ladinian, Triassic).
In: Hagdorn, H., Schoch, R. & Schweigert, G. (eds.):
Der Lettenkeuper - Ein
Fenster in die Zeit vor den Dinosauriern.
Palaeodiversity, Special Issue (Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart).
!
Navigate from here
for other downloads (back issues of Palaeodiversity 2015, scroll down to
"Special Issue: Der Lettenkeuper ...").
Terry Harrison (2011): Coprolites: Taphonomic and Paleoecological Implications. PDF file, Paleontology and geology of Laetoli. Provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
C. Hartkopf-Fröder et al. (2011): Mid-Cretaceous charred fossil flowers reveal direct observation of arthropod feeding strategies. In PDF, Biol. Lett. See also here and there.
S.T. Hasiotis et al. (1998):
Research Update on
Hymenopteran Nests and Cocoons, Upper Triassic Chinle Formation, Petrified Forest National Park,
Arizona.
See also
here.
T. Hazra et al. (2023): Marginal leaf galls on Pliocene leaves from India indicate mutualistic behavior between Ipomoea plants and Eriophyidae mites. Open access, Scientific Reports, 13.
M. Heingård et al. (2022): Preservation and Taphonomy of Fossil Insects from the Earliest Eocene of Denmark. Open access, Biology, 11.
E.A. Heise et al. (2011):
Wood
taphonomy in a tropical marine carbonate environment:
Experimental results from Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas. In PDF,
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 312: 363-379.
See also
here.
! C.M. Herrera (1985): Determinants of plant-animal coevolution: the case of mutualistic dispersal of seeds by vertebrates. PDF file, Oikos, 44.
! G. Horváth et al. (2019): How did amber get its aquatic insects? Water-seeking polarotactic insects trapped by tree resin. Free access, Historical Biology, DOI: 10.1080/08912963.2019.1663843.
! S. Hu et al. (2008): Early steps of angiosperm-pollinator coevolution. PDF file, PNAS, 105: 40-245. See also here (abstract).
I.B. Huegele and S.R. Manchester (2020): An Early Paleocene Carpoflora from the Denver Basin of Colorado, USA, and Its Implications for Plant-Animal Interactions and Fruit Size Evolution. Free access, Int. J. Plant Sci., 181: 646–665.
D.P. Hughes et al. (2011):
Ancient death-grip leaf
scars reveal ant-fungal
parasitism. PDF file,
Biology Letters, 7: 67-70.
See also
here.
J. Hummel et al. (2008):
In vitro
digestibility of fern and gymnosperm foliage: implications for sauropod feeding ecology and
diet selection. PDF file, Proc. R. Soc. B, 275. See also
here.
"Based on our experimental results, plants such as Equisetum, Araucaria, Ginkgo
and Angiopteris would have formed a major part of sauropod diets, while cycads,
tree ferns and podocarp conifers would have been poor sources of energy".
Y. Imada et al. (2022):
Oldest
leaf mine trace fossil from East Asia provides insight into ancient nutritional
flow in a plant-herbivore interaction. Free access,
Sci. Rep., 12: 5254. See also
here.
Note figure 4: Mining structures known so far from the Middle–Late Triassic.
International Palaeoentomological Society (IPS). The aims of the Society are to promote and advance the understanding of fossil insects and other non-marine arthropods.
! D. Jablonski (2008): Biotic interactions and macroevolution: extensions and mismatches across scales and levels. PDF file, Evolution, 62: 715-739.
! E.M. Janson et al. (2008): Phytophagous insect-microbe mutualisms and adaptive evolutionary diversification. In PDF.
E.A. Jarzembowski (2012): The oldest plant-insect interaction in Croatia: Carboniferous evidence. In PDF, Geologia Croatica, 65: 387-392.
L. Kaiser et al. (2017): The Plant as a Habitat for Entomophagous Insects. In PDF, Advances in Botanical Research, 81: 179-223. See also here.
J.E. Kalyniuk et al. (2023): The Albian vegetation of central Alberta as a food source for the nodosaurid Borealopelta markmitchelli. Free access, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 611.
O. Katz (2020): Silicon and Plant–Animal Interactions: Towards an Evolutionary Framework. Open access, Plants, 9. See also here (in PDF).
M.A. Khan et al. (2014): Fossil evidence of insect folivory in the eastern Himalayan Neogene Siwalik forests. In PDF, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 410: 264-277. See also here (abstract).
Derek Keats, Department of Botany, University of the Western Cape, Bellville (Cape Town) South Africa:
Herbivory.
Website outdated, download a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
K.-P. Kelber and G. Geyer (1989): Lebensspuren von Insekten an Pflanzen des Unteren Keupers. In German, PDF file. Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 109: 165-174.
K.-P. Kelber (1987): Spirorbidae (Polychaeta, Sedentaria) auf Pflanzen des Unteren Keupers - Ein Beitrag zur Phyto-Taphonomie. PDF file (in German), N. Jb. Geol. Paläont. Abh., 175: 261-294.
Book announcement: Kelley, Patricia H.; Kowalewski, Michal; Hansen, Thor A. (eds.): Predator-Prey Interactions in the Fossil Record. Series: Topics in Geobiology, Vol. 20; 2003, 484 p.
! P.G. Kevan and H.G. Baker (1983): Insects as flower visitors and pollinators. In PDF, Annual review of entomology.
M.A. Khan et al. (2014): Fossil evidence of insect folivory in the eastern Himalayan Neogene Siwalik forests. In PDF, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 410: 264-277.
S. Kiel et al. (2012):
Fossilized
digestive systems in 23 million-year-old wood-boring bivalves. Open access,
Journal of Molluscan Studies, 78: 349–356.
"... Fossilized remnants of parts of the digestive system of wood-boring pholadoidean bivalves are
reported from late Oligocene–early Miocene deep-water sediments ..."
S.D. Klavins et al. (2005):
Coprolites
in a Middle Triassic cycad pollen cone: evidence for insect pollination in early cycads?
PDF file, Evolutionary Ecology Research, 7: 479-488.
See also
here.
J. Koricheva (2002):
Meta-analysis
of sources of variation in fitness costs of plant
antiherbivore defenses.
PDF file, Ecology 83: 176-190.
See also
here.
M. Kowalewski (2002): The fossil record of predation: An overview of analytical methods. PDF file, In: Kowalewski, M., and Kelley, P.H., eds., The Fossil Record of Predation: Paleontological Society Special Papers 8: 3-42.
V. Krassilov et al. (2008): Plant-Arthropod Interactions in the Early Angiosperm History. Evidence from the Cretaceous of Israel. In PDF.
V.A. Krassilov and E.V. Karasev (2008): First evidence of plant-arthropod interaction at the Permian-Triassic boundary in the Volga Basin, European Russia. PDF file, Alavesia, 2: 247-252.
V.A. Krassilov and A.P. Rasnitsyn (2008): Plant-arthropod interactions in the early angiosperm history: evidence from the Cretaceous of Israel. PDF file, 222 p., (Pensoft Publishers & Brill Academic Publishers), Sofia, Moscow.
V.A. Krassilov (1981): Changes of Mesozoic vegetation and the extinction of dinosaurs. Abstract, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 34: 207-224. See also here (in PDF).
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3D
imaging of shark egg cases
(Palaeoxyris) from Sweden with new insights into Early
Jurassic shark ecology. Open access,
GFF, 143: 229-247.
Note figure 11: Reconstruction of
Palaeoxyris egg cases attached to Neocalamites (Equisitum) (sic!) stems.
K. Kumar et al. (2011):
Ichnospecies
Teredolites longissimus and Teredinid Body Fossils from the Early Eocene of
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"... The wood substrate (Aglaia, Meliaceae) was transported to
the marine realm from its natural habitat of inland moist tropical
forest by a river or stream. Postinfestation, it was buried in a
near-shore lagoon or a tidal flat area, ..."
M. Laaß et al. (2020):
First
evidence of arthropod herbivory in calamitalean stems from
the Pennsylvanian of Germany. In PDF,
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 90: 219-246.
See also
here.
Note fig. 7: Taphonomy and fossilization of the
calamitalean pith cast with arthropod borings.
M. Laaß and N. Hauschke (2019):
First
evidence of borings in calamitean stems and other
plant-arthropod interactions from the late Pennsylvanian of the
Saale Basin. In PDF, ICCI 2019 Abstract + Field;
Hallesches Jahrbuch für Geowissenschaften, Beiheft 46. See also
here
and there.
!
C.C. Labandeira and T. Wappler (2023):
Arthropod
and pathogen damage on fossil and modern plants: exploring the origins and evolution of
herbivory on land. In PDF,
Annual Review of Entomology, 68: 341-361.
See also
here
(open access).
Note figure 1: The FFG-DT system [FFG = functional feeding group, DT = damage type]
for documenting and analyzing herbivory in the fossil record.
Figure 2: Important studies of plant–insect interactions from plant assemblages of the fossil record.
! C.C. Labandeira (2021): Ecology and Evolution of Gall-Inducing Arthropods: The Pattern from the Terrestrial Fossil Record. In PDF, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9: 632449. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2021.632449.
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C.C. Labandeira et al. (2018):
Expansion
of Arthropod Herbivory in Late Triassic South Africa: The Molteno Biota, Aasvoëlberg 411 Site
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with an extended citation list.
Pages 623-719. In: L.H. Tanner (ed.):
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"... Aas411 was one of the most herbivorized of Molteno´s 106 sites, consisting of 20,358 plant
specimens represented by 111 plant form-taxa that includes 14 whole-plant taxa (WPT); the insect damage consists
of 11 functional feeding groups (FFGs), 44 damage types (DTs) and 1127 herbivorized specimens. ..."
! C.C. Labandeira et al. (2016): Floral Assemblages and Patterns of Insect Herbivory during the Permian to Triassic of Northeastern Italy. PLoS ONE. 11. See also here (in PDF).
!
C.C. Labandeira et al. (2016):
The
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here
(in PDF). Proc. R. Soc., B 283.
Heritagedaily:
Paleobotanist
plays role in discovery of "Jurassic butterflies".
An artist´s rendering of the butterfly Oregramma illecebrosa, consuming pollen drops from
Triassic bennettitales.
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! C.C. Labandeira (2013): Deep-time patterns of tissue consumption by terrestrial arthropod herbivores. Abstract.
! C.C. Labandeira and E.D. Currano (2013): The Fossil Record of Plant-Insect Dynamics. Abstract, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 41: 287-311.
Conrad C. Labandeira (2010): The Pollination of Mid Mesozoic Seed Plants and the Early History of Long-proboscid Insects. PDF file, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 97: 469-513. See also here.
Conrad C. Labandeira (2010):
The
Pollination of Mid Mesozoic Seed Plants and the Early History of Long-proboscid Insects.
In PDF, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 97: 469-513.
See also
here and
there.
! C.C. Labandeira (2007): Assessing the fossil record of plant-insect associations: ichnodata versus body-fossil data. SEPM Special Publication No. 88. See also here (in PDF).
Conrad C. Labandeira et al. (2007): Pollination drops, pollen, and insect pollination of Mesozoic gymnosperms. PDF file, Taxon, 56: 663-695.
! C.C. Labandeira et al. (2007): Guide to Insect (and Other) Damage Types on Compressed Plant Fossils. In PDF, Version 3.0. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. See also here.
! C.C. Labandeira (2006): Silurian to Triassic plant and insect clades and their associations: new data, a review, and interpretations. In PDF, Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 64: 53-94.
! Conrad C. Labandeira (2006): The Four Phases of Plant-Arthropod Associations in Deep Time. PDF file, Geologica Acta, 4: 409-438.
C.C. Labandeira (2005): Invasion of the continents: cyanobacterial crusts to tree-inhabiting arthropods. In PDF, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 20.
! C.C. Labandeira (2002): The history of associations between plants and animals. PDF file, in: Herrera, CM., Pellmyr, O. (eds.). Plant-Animal Interactions: An Evolutionary Approach. London, Blackwell, 26-74, 248-261. See also here (Google books).
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Plant-Insect
Associatons from the Fossil Record.
PDF file, Geotimes. With instructive illustrations.
This expired link is now available through the Internet Archive´s
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Conrad C. Labandeira, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC: Enhanced: How Old Is the Flower and the Fly? Including an extensive annotated link directory. Science 1998; 280: 57-59.
! Conrad C. Labandeira (1998): EARLY HISTORY OF ARTHROPOD AND VASCULAR PLANT ASSOCIATIONS. PDF file, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 26: 329-377.
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! Conrad C. Labandeira et al., Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History: Guide to Insect (and Other) Damage Types on Compressed Plant Fossils (PDF file). See also here.
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!
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Liverwort
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Note figure 3: Reconstruction of two larvae resting on liverworts.
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A
new Carboniferous edaphosaurid and the origin of herbivory in mammal forerunners. Open access,
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Note figure 5: Time-calibrated phylogeny showing the origins of major clades with herbivory across the
Permo-Carboniferous.
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M.R. McCurry et al. (2022):
A
Lagerstätte from Australia provides insight into
the nature of Miocene mesic ecosystems. Free access,
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Fig. 3I: Rugulatisporites sp. with both exine (arrowheads) and intine steinkern (S).
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! S. McLoughlin et al. (2021): Arthropod interactions with the Permian Glossopteris flora. In PDF, Journal of Palaeosciences, 70: 43-133.
S. McLoughlin and B. Bomfleur (2016): Biotic interactions in an exceptionally well preserved osmundaceous fern rhizome from the Early Jurassic of Sweden. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.
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Biota
and palaeoenvironment of a high middle-latitude Late Triassic
peat-forming ecosystem from Hopen, Svalbard archipelago. PDF file, in:
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See also
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Marcus Moretti, Yale Daily News (March 02, 2011): Dinosaurs hardened pinecones, study says. See also here and there (in German).
Alan V. & Anne Morgan, Department of Earth Sciences and Quaternary Sciences Institute, University of Waterloo, Ontario: The Use of Fossil Coleoptera.
Laboratory of Arthropods, Palaeontological Institute,
Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow.
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Publications.
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G.E. Mustoe (2007): Coevolution of cycads and dinosaurs. Cycad Newsletter.
Nalini M. Nadkarni, Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA:
Plant-Animal Interactions.
Bibliographic citations on plant-animal interactions.
Still available by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
D. Naish (2000): Theropod dinosaurs in the trees: a historical review of arboreal habits amongst nonavian theropods. In PDF, Archaeopteryx.
A. Nel et al. (2014): Exceptionally preserved insect fossils in the Late Jurassic lagoon of Orbagnoux (Rhone Valley, France). Open access, PeerJ.
Dan Nickrent, Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale: The Parasitic Plant Connection. A repository of information on parasitic plants.
T. Nyman et al. (2012): Climate-driven diversity dynamics in plants and plant-feeding insects. Free access, Ecology Letters, 14: 1-10.
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F. Parisi et al.(2018): Linking deadwood traits with saproxylic invertebrates and fungi in European forests - a review. Free access, iForest 11: 423-436.
M.R. Pearson et al. (2013):
Reconstructing
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V.S. Perez Loinaze et al. (2018): Palaeobotany and palynology of coprolites from the Late Triassic Chañares Formation of Argentina: implications for vegetation provinces and the diet of dicynodonts. Abstract, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 502. See also here.! D. Peris et al. (2017): False Blister Beetles and the Expansion of Gymnosperm-Insect Pollination Modes before Angiosperm Dominance. In PDF, Current Biology, 27. See also here.
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Pflanzenforschung.de
(in German, sponsored by Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung):
Schnappschuss
aus der Urzeit
Insektenbestäubung doch keine Erfindung der Blütenpflanzen?
!
M. Philippe et al. (2022):
Life
in the woods: Taphonomic evolution of a diverse saproxylic community within fossil
woods from Upper Cretaceous submarine mass flow deposits (Mzamba Formation,
southeast Africa).
Gondwana Research, 109: 113–133.
See also
here.
Note fig. 5: Summary of the taphonomic pathways experienced by the Mzamba
Formation fossil woods indicating the range of biotic interactions in various environmental
settings.
S. Pincebourde et al. (2016): Plant-Insect Interactions in a Changing World. In PDF.
G. Poinar (2019):
Associations
between Fossil Beetles and Other Organisms. Free access,
Geosciences, 9.
Note figure 22: The platypodine, Palaeotylus femoralis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae:
Platypodinae) covered
with mycelium, conidiophores and conidia of the ambrosia fungus, Paleoambrosia entomophila
(Ophiostomatales: Ophiostomataceae) in Burmese amber.
Note figure 27: Ptilodactylid (Coleoptera: Ptilodactylidae) beetle with
attached pollinarium (arrow) of
Annulites mexicana (Angiospermae: Orchidaceae) in Mexican amber.
George Poinar and Greg Poinar (2018):
The
antiquity of floral secretory tissues that provide today’s fragrances. Abstract,
Historical Biology. See also:
Schnupperten
schon Dinos Blumenduft?
Kreidezeitliche Blütenpflanzen könnten bereits Düfte produziert haben. In German,
Scinexx.de.
G. Poinar et al. (2016): Fossil species of Boehmerieae Gaudich. (Urticaceae) in Dominican and Mexican amber: A new genus (Ekrixanthera) and two new species with anemophilous pollination by explosive pollen release, and possible lepidopteran herbivory. In PDF, Botany.
!
C. Pott et al. (2012):
Trichomes
on the leaves of Anomozamites villosus sp. nov. (Bennettitales) from the
Daohugou beds (Middle Jurassic), Inner Mongolia, China: Mechanical defence against
herbivorous arthropods. In PDF,
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 169: 48-60.
See also
here.
A. Prado (2011): The Cycad Herbivores. PDF file, Bulletin de la Société d´entomologie du Québec, Antennae, 18.
Vandana Prasad, Caroline A.E. Strömberg, Habib Alimohammadian, and Ashok Sahni: Dinosaur Coprolites and the Early Evolution of Grasses and Grazers. Abstract, Science, November 18, 2005: 1177-1180. Silica particles from grass in fossil dung from Cretaceous sauropods suggest that grasses evolved earlier than had been thought, providing food for dinosaurs and early mammals. See also here (S. Perkins, Sciencenews), and there. (by Andreas Jahn, Die Zeit, November 11, 2005; in German).
R. Prevec et al. (2009): Portrait of a Gondwanan ecosystem: A new late Permian fossil locality from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Abstract, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 156: 454-493. See also here, or there (PDF files).
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A. Radwanski (2009):
"Phoenix szaferi" (palm fruitbodies) reinterpreted
as traces of wood-boring teredinid bivalves
from the Lower Oligocene (Rupelian)
of the Tatra Mountains, Poland. PDF file,
Acta Palaeobotanica, 49: 279-286.
See also
here.
J. Rajchel and A. Uchman (1998): Insect borings in Oligocene wood, Kliwa Sandstone, Outer Carpathians, Poland. Abstract, Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 68: 219-224. See also here (in PDF).
Robert Randell, British Chalk Fossils: Driftwood with Teredo borings.
! D. Ren et al. (2009). A Probable Pollination Mode Before Angiosperms: Eurasian, Long-Proboscid Scorpionflies. In PDF, Science, 326: 840-847. See also here and there.
Authored by the The Rhynie Chert Research Group, University of Aberdeen, with contributions and support by the Palaeobotanical Research Group, University of Münster, Germany, the Centre for Palynology, University of Sheffield, The Natural History Museum, London, and The Royal Museum, National Museums of Scotland: The Biota of Early Terrestrial Ecosystems, The Rhynie Chert. A resource site for students and teachers covering many aspects of the present knowledge of this unique geological deposit (including a glossary and bibliography pages). Go to: Evidence for Plant/Animal Interactions.
E.M. Roberts et al. (2016): Oligocene Termite Nests with In Situ Fungus Gardens from the Rukwa Rift Basin, Tanzania, Support a Paleogene African Origin for Insect Agriculture. PLoS ONE, 11.
E.A. Robinson et al. (2012): A meta-analytical review of the effects of elevated CO2 on plant-arthropod interactions highlights the importance of interacting environmental and biological variables. In PDF, New Phytologist, 194: 321-336. See also here (abstract).
J.M. Robledo et al. (2015): Phytophagy on fossil ferns from Argentina (Palo Pintado Formation, late Miocene): a review of their fossil record and ichnotaxonomy. In PDF, Rev. bras. paleontol., 18: 225-238. See also here.
!
E. Romero-Lebrón et al. (2022):
Endophytic
insect oviposition traces in deep time. In PDF,
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See also
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R. Rößler et al. (2014): Fraßgalerien von Mikroarthropoden in Koniferenhölzern des frühen Perms von Crock, Thüringen. PDF file, in German. Veröff. Museum für Naturkunde Chemnitz, 37.
!
R. Rößler et al. (2012):
The
largest calamite and its growth architecture - Arthropitys bistriata from the Early
Permian Petrified Forest of Chemnitz. In PDF,
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 185: 64-78.
The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
S. Salzman et al. (2020):
An
ancient push-pull pollination mechanism in cycads. In PDF,
Sci. Adv., 6: eaay6169. See also
here.
Note fig. 4: Time line and plant behaviors responsible for push-pull pollination.
P.M. Sander et al. (2011):
Biology
of the sauropod dinosaurs:
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Biol. Rev., 86: 117-155. Worth checking out:
"Dentition and digestive system" (PDF page 129).
See also
here.
P.M. Sander et al. (2010):
Mesozoic
plants and dinosaur herbivory. PDF file. In: Gee, C T. Plants
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Note Fig. 14.7B: Putative stomach
contents of the hadrosaur
Corythosaurus casuarius. Close-up showing fragments
of plant material in the matrix.
A.A. Santos et al. (2023): Plant–Insect Interactions on Aquatic and Terrestrial Angiosperms from the Latest Albian (Early Cretaceous) of Estercuel (Northeastern Spain) and Their Paleoenvironmental Implications. Open access, Plants, 12.
A.A. Santos et al. (2022): A Robinson Crusoe story in the fossil record: Plant-insect interactions from a Middle Jurassic ephemeral volcanic island (Eastern Spain). Free access, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 583.
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S.R. Schachat 2022):
Examining
paleobotanical databases: Revisiting
trends in angiosperm folivory and
unlocking the paleoecological promise
of propensity score matching and
specification curve analysis. Free access,
Front. Ecol. Evol., 10: 951547.
doi: 10.3389/fevo.2022.951547.
"... Long-term trends in the fossil record of plants,
encompassing their interactions with herbivores and with the environment, are
of the utmost relevance for predicting global change
[...]
in contrast to modern
ecology and unlike various other paleontological disciplines, paleobotany
has a limited history of “big data” meta-analyses.
[...]
Here I demonstrate the importance of analytical best practices by applying
them to a recent meta-analysis of fossil angiosperms. ..."
S.R. Schachat et al. (2022):
Generating
and testing hypotheses about the fossil record of insect herbivory with a
theoretical ecospace. In PDF,
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 297. See also
here.
"... a discussion of the most appropriate uses of a theoretical ecospace
for insect herbivory, with the overlapping damage type diversities of
Paleozoic gymnosperms and Cenozoic angiosperms as a brief case study. ..."
S.R. Schachat et al. (2021):
Linking
host plants to damage types in the fossil record of insect herbivory. In PDF,
bioRxiv. See also
here.
"... We evaluate a range of methods for characterizing the relationships
between damage types and host plants by performing resampling and subsampling
exercises on a variety of datasets. ..."
S.R. Schachat et al. (2020):
Sampling
fossil floras for the study of insect herbivory: how many leaves is enough?
Fossil Record, 23: 15–32.
See also
here.
S.R. Schachat et al. (2020): Sampling fossil floras for the study of insect herbivory: how many leaves is enough? In PDF, Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Fossil Record, 23: 15-32. See also here.
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A.C. Scott et al.(2004): Evidence of plant-insect interactions in the Upper Triassic Molteno Formation of South Africa. PDF file, Journal of the Geological Society, London, 161: 401-410. See also here.
Scott et al. (1994): The fossil record of leaves with galls. PDF file, In: Michele A.J. Williams (ed.): Plant Galls.
! A.C. Scott et al. (1992): Interaction and coevolution of plants and arthropods during the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. In PDF, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B. See also here.
J.O. Shaw et al. (2021): Disentangling ecological and taphonomic signals in ancient food webs. Free access, Paleobiology, 47: 85–401.
D.E. Shcherbakov (2008): Madygen, Triassic Lagerstätte number one, before and after Sharov. PDF file, Alavesia, 2: 113-124. Provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
S.M. Slater et al. (2018): Dinosaur-plant interactions within a Middle Jurassic ecosystem—palynology of the Burniston Bay dinosaur footprint locality, Yorkshire, UK. Free access, Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments, 98: 139–151.
B.J. Slater (2014): Cryptic diversity of a Glossopteris forest: the Permian Prince Charles Mountains Floras, Antarctica. In PDF, thesis, submitted to the University of Birmingham.
B.J. Slater et al. (2012): Animal-plant interactions in a Middle Permian permineralised peat of the Bainmedart Coal Measures, Prince Charles Mountains, Antarctica. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 363-364: 109-126.
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.: Ancient Insect-Plant Relationship Persists through Time.
R. Spiekermann et al. (2021):
Not a lycopsid but a cycad-like plant: Iratinia australis gen. nov. et sp. nov.
from the Irati Formation, Kungurian of the Paraná Basin, Brazil. Abstract,
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 289. See also:
Scientists
Find a Fossilized Ancestor of 'Dinosaur Food'
(The New York Times).
! N. Stamp (2003): Out of the quagmire of plant defense hypotheses. PDF file, Quarterly Review of Biology 78: 23-55.
M. Steinthorsdottir et al. (2015): Evidence for insect and annelid activity across the Triassic-Jurassic transition of east Greenland. Palaios, 30: 597-607.
P. Steuer (2010): Limitation of body mass of herbivores - Allometry of food quality and of digestive aspects. In PDF, Dissertation, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany.
Hans Steur, Ellecom, The Netherlands:
Hans´ Paleobotany Pages.
Plant life from the Silurian to the Cretaceous. Go to:
Little animals in the Coal Swamp.
Sharon Y. Strauss and Rebecca E. Irwin (2004):
Ecological
and evolutionary consequences of multispecies plant-animal interactions. PDF file,
Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst., 35: 435-66.
This expired link
is available through the Internet Archive´s
Wayback Machine.
! E. Strickson et al. (2016): Dynamics of dental evolution in ornithopod dinosaurs. In PDF, Scientific Reports, 6. See also here (abstract).
G.W. Stull et al. (2013): The "Seeds" on Padgettia readi are Insect Galls: Reassignment of the Plant to Odontopteris, the Gall to Ovofoligallites N. Gen., and the Evolutionary Implications Thereof. In PDF, Journal of Paleontology, 87: 217-231.
J.I. Sutherland (2003): Miocene petrified wood and associated borings and termite faecal pellets from Hukatere Peninsula, Kaipara Harbour, North Auckland, New Zealand. In PDF, Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 33: 395-414.
A. Swain et al. (2022):
Sampling
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bioRxiv.
See also
here.
"... Using proxy data of insect herbivore damage (denoted by the damage type or DT)
preserved on fossil leaves, functional bipartite network representations provide
insights into how plant–insect associations depend on geological time, paleogeographical
space, and environmental variables such as temperature and precipitation. ..."
A. Swain et al. (2022): Understanding the ecology of host plant–insect herbivore interactions in the fossil record through bipartite networks—Corrigendum. Free access, Paleobiology, 48: 353–355.
A. Swain et al. (2021): Understanding the ecology of host plant–insect herbivore interactions in the fossil record through bipartite networks. IN PDF, Paleobiology. See also here.
Ralph E. Taggart, & A.T. Cross (1997): The relationship between land plant diversity and productivity and patterns of dinosaur herbivory. PDF file, p.403-416 in Wolberg, D.L., E. Stump, and G.D. Rosenberg (eds.), Proceedings of the Dinofest International Symposium, 1997, Arizona State University (Tempe). Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 587 pp.
! L. Tapanila and E.M. Roberts (2012): The Earliest Evidence of Holometabolan Insect Pupation in Conifer Wood. In PDF. See also here.
! T.N. Taylor and M. Krings (2005):
Fossil
microorganisms and land plants: Associations and
interactions. PDF file, Symbiosis, 40: 119-135.
This expired link is now available through the Internet Archive´s
Wayback Machine.
See also
here.
TAYLOR, EDITH L., CARLY M. HARTER, AND THOMAS N. TAYLOR: Plant-animal interactions in the Triassic of Antarctica. Abstract, 1998 Annual Meeting of the Botanical Society of America, 2-6 August, 1998 Baltimore.
! Thomas N. Taylor and Michael Krings (2005): Fossil microorganisms and land plants: Associations and interactions. PDF file, SYMBIOSIS, 40: 119-135.
Paul D. Taylor & Olev Vinn (2006): Convergent morphology in small spiral worm tubes ("Spirorbis") and its palaeoenvironmental implications. Abstract, Journal of the Geological Society, 163: 225-228.
taz (a German newspaper; November 19, 2022):
Versteinerte Welten:
„Wie ein Foto aus der Urzeit“ (in German).
Paläobotaniker interessieren sich für die urzeitliche Pflanzenwelt.
Die Fossilien von Blättern und Stämmen liefern Einblicke in untergegangene Welten.
Leonard B. Thien, Hiroshi Azuma, and Shoichi Kawano: New Perspectives on the Pollination Biology of Basal Angiosperms. Abstract, International Journal of Plant Sciences, volume 161 (2000).
Teaching Biology: Plant-Arthropod Interactions in the Fossil Record. See also here.
A.S. Thorpe et al. (2011): Interactions among plants and evolution. In PDF, Journal of Ecology, 99: 729-740.
! B.H. Tiffney (2004): Vertebrate dispersal of seed plants through time. In PDF, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 35: 1-29.
! B.H. Tiffney (1988): Conceptual advances in paleobotany. In PDF, Journal of Geological Education: September 1988, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 221-226. See also here.
Bruce H. Tiffney, UC Santa Barbara: Tracking the Course of Evolution (hosted by UCMP), Plants and Their Predators Through Time. A ramble through the positive and negative (from the plant's point of view) interactions between terrestrial plants and those insects and vertebrates who feed upon them. Examine TWO GRAPHICS showing (1) a simple time line of plant predation and (2) the relationship of plant diversification and the phylogeny of vertebrate plant predators.
Bruce H. Tiffney, University of California, Santa Barbara (Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs): Dinosaurs and Plants.
!
Thomas van de Kamp et al. (2018):
Parasitoid
biology preserved in mineralized fossils. Open access,
Nature Communications, 9.
Using high-throughput synchrotron X-ray microtomography
55 parasitation events by four wasp species were identified from
the Paleogene of France.
!
C.J. van der Kooi and J. Ollerton (2020):
The
origins of flowering plants and pollinators. Free access,
Science, 368: 1306-1308.
See also
here
(in PDF).
Diego P. Vázquez et al. (2009): Uniting pattern and process in plant-animal mutualistic networks: a review. PDF file, Annals of Botany, 103: 1445-1457. See also here (abstract).
G.J. Vermeij (2016): Plant defences on land and in water: why are they so different? Open access, Annals of Botany, 117: 1099–1109.
! Y. Wang et al. (2012): Jurassic mimicry between a hangingfly and a ginkgo from China. In PDF, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 109: 20514-20519. See also here.
Y. Wang et al. (2010): Ancient pinnate leaf mimesis among lacewings. In PDF, PNAS, 107: 16212-16215.
Jun Wang et al. (2009)
Permian
Circulipuncturites discinisporis Labandeira, Wang, Zhang, Bek et Pfefferkorn
gen. et spec. nov. (formerly Discinispora) from China, an ichnotaxon of a
punch-and-sucking insect on Noeggerathialean spores.
PDF file, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 156: 77-282.
Snapshot taken by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
!
Wang Xiaofeng et al. (2009):
The Triassic Guanling fossil Group - A key GeoPark from
Barren Mountain, Guizhou Province, China.
PDF file, from:
Jere H. Lipps and Bruno R.C. Granier (eds.) 2009, (e-book,
hosted by Carnets).
This expired link is now available through the Internet Archive´s
Wayback Machine.
A colony of Traumatocrinus sp. attached by root cirri to an agatized piece of
driftwood!
T. Wappler et al. (2015): Plant-insect interactions from Middle Triassic (late Ladinian) of Monte Agnello (Dolomites, N-Italy) - initial pattern and response to abiotic environmental perturbations. PeerJ.
P. Ward et al. (2006): Confirmation of Romer´s Gap as a low oxygen interval constraining the timing of initial arthropod and vertebrate terrestrialization. In PDF, PNAS, see also here.
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC: Ancient Insect-Plant Relationship Persists through Time.
Charles E. Weber, Hendersonville NC: DID THE WOOD ROACH OR PROTOTERMITE CAUSE THE PERMIAN - TRIASSIC COAL HIATUS?
Biology Department,
Western Washington University,
Bellingham, Washington:
!
Coevolution
of Plants and Insects.
Powerpoint presentation. See also
here, or
there.
! B.M. Wiegmann et al. (2009): Holometabolous insects (Holometabola). PDF file, In: S.B. Hedges and S. Kumar (eds.): The Timetree of Life (see here).
!
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Plant defense against herbivory.
Herbivore adaptations to plant defense.
Herbivore.
Co-evolution.
Insect.
See also
Wikipedia Germany (in German):
Pflanzliche Abwehr von Herbivoren.
Koevolution.
Insekten.
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Gall.
Pflanzengalle
(in German).
P. Wilf (2008): Insect-damaged fossil leaves record food web response to ancient climate change and extinction. In PDF, New Phytologist.
Peter Wilf et al. (2006): Decoupled Plant and Insect Diversity After the End-Cretaceous Extinction. PDF file, Science, 313.
Peter Wilf, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA: Commentary and media items, and online accessable publications.
Peter Wilf, Museum of Paleontology and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor: Ancient insect-plant relationship persists through time. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History Highlight, October, 2000. See also: Commentary, reporting, and interviews about Peter Wilf's research.
P. Wilf and C. C. Labandeira, Response of plant-insect associations to Paleocene-Eocene warming. From Science (1999), 284:2153-2156. You can view and print the document using Adobe Acrobat Reader.
P. Wilf et al. (2001):
Insect
herbivory, plant defense, and early Cenozoic climate change. Free access,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 98: 6221-6226.
See also
here.
Peter Wilf et al. (1998): Portrait of a Late Paleocene (Early Clarkforkian) Terrestrial Ecosystem: Big Multi Quarry and Associated Strata, Washakie Basin, Southwestern Wyoming. PDF file, Palaios, 13: 514-532.
D.M. Wilkinson and T.N. Sherratt (2016): Why is the world green? The interactions of top-down and bottom-up processes in terrestrial vegetation ecology. In PDF, Plant Ecology & Diversity, 9: 127-140. See also here.
Isaak S. Winkler and Charles Mitter (2008): The phylogenetic dimension of insect-plant interactions: a review of recent evidence. PDF file. See also here.
M. Zaton et al. (2015): Comment on the paper of Gierlowski-Kordesch and Cassle "The "Spirorbis" problem revisited: Sedimentology and biology of microconchids in marine–nonmarine transitions" [Earth-Science Reviews, 148 (2015): 209–227]. In PDF, Earth-Science Reviews.
M. Zaton et al. (2012): Invasion of freshwater and variable marginal marine habitats by microconchid tubeworms - an evolutionary perspective. In PDF, Geobios, 45: 603-610. Microconchids commonly used terrestrial plants and bivalves as hard substrates in fresh and brackish water environments. See also here.
X. Zhao et al. (2021):
Early
evolution of beetles regulated by the end-Permian deforestation. Free access,
eLife. See also
here
(in PDF).
"... Our results suggest that xylophagous (feeding on or in wood) beetles probably
played a key and underappreciated role in the Permian carbon cycle ..."
! T. Züst and A.A. Agrawal (2017): Trade-Offs Between Plant Growth and Defense Against Insect Herbivory: An Emerging Mechanistic Synthesis. Abstract, Annual Review of Plant Biology, 68: 513-534. See also here (in PDF).
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