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Fossil Charcoal
3sat, Germany: Urzeitliche Waldbrände. Fossil charcoal reveal palaeo vegetation (in German).
K.L. Alvin et al. (1981): Anatomy and Palaeoecology of Pseudofrenelopsis and associated conifers in the English Wealden. PDF file, Palaeontology, 24: 759-778.
! Eleni Asouti, School of Archaeology, Classics and Egyptology,
University of Liverpool:
Charcoal Analysis Web.
Bibliographic suggestions and information about methodology and interpretation
as well as links to databases and research centres
and wood reference collections. Go to:
A short history
of charcoal analysis. See also:
Cecilia A. Western Wood Reference Collection Archive:
The Wood
Anatomy Notebooks. Descriptions (typewriter, in PDF) and images (jpg).
Mainly species from Southwest Asia and Southeast Europe, donated to the Institute of
Archaeology by Cecilia A. Western.
Superbly done!
Maria von Balthazar et al., (2007): Potomacanthus lobatus gen. et sp. nov., a new flower of probable Lauraceae from the Early Cretaceous (Early to Middle Albian) of eastern North America. The charcoalified fossil flower Potomacanthus lobatus. Abstract, American Journal of Botany, 94: 2041-2053.
! David M.J.S. Bowman et al. (2009): Fire in the Earth System. Abstract, Science, 324: 481-484.
CHAPMAN, Mary G., Astrogeology Team, U.S. Geol. Survey, Flagstaff, FRENCH, Bevan M., Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C, KILLGORE, Marvin, Southwest Meteorite Lab, Payson, AZ, LAURETTA, Dante S., Lunar and Planetary Lab, Univ of Arizona, Tucson, LUCAS, Spencer G., New Mexico Museum of Nat History, Albuquerque, MCHONE, John F., Department of Geology, Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ, TANNER, Lawrence H., Geography and Geosciences, Bloomsburg Univ, Bloomsburg, WOLBACH, Wendy S., DePaul Univ, Chicago and ZEIGLER, Kate E., Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Univ of New Mexico, Albququerque: INVESTIGATING CAUSES OF WIDESPREAD WILDFIRE AND ASSOCIATED DINOSAUR DEATHS IN THE UPPER TRIASSIC SNYDER QUARRY SITE OF NEW MEXICO: PRELIMINARY RESULTS. Abstract, Geological Society of America: GSA Annual Meeting, October 27-30, 2002, Denver, CO.
! Ilit Cohen-Ofri et al. (2006): Modern and fossil charcoal: aspects of structure and diagenesis. PDF file, Journal of Archaeological Science, 33: 428-439.
Margaret E. Collinson et al. (2008): Discussion on the production and fate of charcoals following a heathland and peatland fire in Surrey, UK. Abstract, 18th Plant Taphonomy Meeting, Vienna, Austria.
! M.J. Cope and W.G. Chaloner (1980): Fossil charcoal as evidence of past atmospheric composition. Abstract, Nature 283: 647-649.
! Walter L. Cressler (2001): Evidence of Earliest Known Wildfires. Abstract, PALAIOS, 16: 171-174.
Helena Eklund et al. (2004): Late Cretaceous plant mesofossils from Table Nunatak, Antarctica. PDF file, Cretaceous Research, 25: 211-228. Charred and structurally preserved plant remains.
Eileen Eckmeier et al. (2007): Conversion of biomass to charcoal and the carbon mass balance from a slash-and-burn experiment in a temperate deciduous forest. PDF file, The Holocene 17: 539-542.
DIANNE EDWARDS and LINDSEY AXE: Anatomical Evidence in the Detection of the Earliest Wildfires. Abstract, Palaios; 2004; v. 19; no. 2; p. 113-128.
Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham,
Surrey, UK: Research activities,
Taphonomy of charcoal,
Charcoals in volcanics,
History and impact of fire: Pre-Quaternary,
and
History and impact of fire: Recent.
Else Marie Friis, Kaj Raunsgaard Pedersen and Peter R. Crane (2010): Diversity in obscurity: fossil flowers and the early history of angiosperms. PDF file, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B, 365: 369-382. Some of the specimens are charcoalified and have retained their original three-dimensional shape. See also here.
Christoph Hartkopf-Fröder, Geologischer Dienst Nordrhein-Westfalen, Krefeld: Das Erbe des Feuers: Was sagen schwarze Steine über die Umwelt der letzten 360 Millionen Jahre? PDF file, in German.
André Jasper et al. (2008): Palaeobotanical evidence of wildfires in the Late Palaeozoic of South America. Early Permian, Rio Bonito Formation, Paraná Basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 26: 435-444.
Tim Jones, Particle Research Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University: Images of a soot-encrusted piece of charcoal from the K-T boundary and of one of the largest piece of naturally produced charcoal (recent) from the Yellowstone National Park, USA.
Jones, T. P., Ash, S. R., and Figueiral, I., 2002: Late Triassic charcoal from Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona, USA. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Volume 188, Issues 3-4 , 5 December 2002, Pages 127-139.
Michael A. Kruge, Dept. of Geology Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale, IL: Chemistry Of Fossil Charcoal In Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Strata, Arroyo El Mimbral, Mexico.
LRC Core Facility, Limnological Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis: Floral and faunal components, Charcoal counting (sieve method). Procedure writeup (PDF file).
Nano, 3sat Online: Urzeitliche Waldbrände (in German). Fossil charcoal from the Rohdenhaus quarry, Germany.
!
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Washington, DC.
NOAA Paleoclimatology.
NOAA Paleoclimatology operate the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology which distributes data
contributed by scientists around the world. Paleo data come
from natural sources such as tree rings, ice cores, corals, and ocean and lake sediments,
and extend the archive of climate back hundreds to millions of years. Go to:
International
Multiproxy Paleofire Database (IMPD). The IMPD is an archive of fire history data derived
from natural proxies (including data from tree scars and charcoal in sediment records).
W.A. Patterson et al. (1987): MICROSCOPIC CHARCOAL AS A FOSSIL INDICATOR OF FIRE. PDF file, Quaternary Science Reviews, 6: 3-23.
Paul Rincon, BBC News Online: Fossils reveal oldest wildfire.
Andrew C Scott, Research Group in Plant Palaeobiology, Applied Palaeobotany, Palynology and the Study of Fossil Fuels, Geology Department, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey: History and impact of fire: Pre-Quaternary.
! A.C. Scott (1990): 3.10 Anatomical Preservation of Fossil Plants. PDF file, scroll to page 263! Article in: Derek Briggs and Peter Crowther (eds.): Paleobiology: A Synthesis. Navigate from the contents file (PDF).
Andrew C. Scott et al. (2009): Scanning Electron Microscopy and Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Tomographic Microscopy of 330 Million Year Old Charcoalified Seed Fern Fertile Organs. PDF file, Microsc. Microanal., 15: 166-173. See figure 4, SEM of charcoalified pteridosperm ovule from the mid-Mississippian (Carboniferous).
Megan Sever, Geotimes: Charcoal clues in dinosaur debate. Web Extra Friday, January 9, 2004.
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: Fossil record of fire.
K.E. ZEIGLER, A.B. HECKERT, and S.G. LUCAS:
Taphonomic analysis of a fire-related Upper Triassic
vertebrate fossil assemblage from north-central New Mexico. PDF file;
New Mexico Geological Society, 56th Field Conference Guidebook, Geology of
the Chama Basin, 2005, p.341-351.
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