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Pyrite Preservation
Rainer Albert, Steinkern.de: Die Konservierung sulfidisierter Fossilien mittels Ethanolaminthioglycolat und Paraloid B67. In German.
! P.A. Allison (1990): 3.8.3 Pyrite. PDF file, scroll to page 253! Article in: Derek Briggs and Peter Crowther (eds.): Paleobiology: A Synthesis. Navigate from the contents file (PDF).
Usha Bajpai, Madhav Kumar, Manoj Shukla, Anand-Prakash and G. P. Srivastava, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany,, Lucknow, India: Nature and composition of pyrite framboids and organic substrate from degraded leaf cuticles of Late Tertiary sediments, Mahuadanr Valley, Palamu, Bihar. PDF file. Current Science Association in collaboration with the Indian Academy of Sciences.
Sylvain Bernard et al. (2010): Multiscale characterization of pyritized plant tissues in blueschist facies metamorphic rocks. Abstract, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 74: 5054-5068.
Philip S. Borkow and Loren E. Babcock, Department of Geological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus: Turning Pyrite Concretions Outside-In: Role of Biofilms in Pyritization of Fossils. PDF file (2,7 MB!), The Sedimentary Record, Volume 1, No. 3; 2003.
!
The Botanical Society of America:
The American Journal
of Botany Cover Images Index.
The collection on the page holding the cover images of
the American Journal of Botany. A great set of images! Go to:
Three-dimensional reconstruction of
the pyritized fossil fruit Palaeorhodomyrtus subangulata.
Dee Breger, Mgr. SEM/EDX Facility, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY: Earth Images, Black Sea pyrite. A beautiful pyrite framboid SEM picture.
D.W. Brett and N. Edwards (1970): Pyrite Crystals in the Parenchyma Cells in Wood of Fossil Root. Abstract, Nature, 227: 836-837.
Derek E. G. Briggs (hosted by chembytes e-zine): Death and construction. The chemical secrets of some of the world's most spectacular fossils.
! Derek Briggs and Peter Crowther (eds.), Earth Pages, Blackwell Publishing: Paleobiology: A Synthesis (PDF files). Series of concise articles from over 150 leading authorities from around the world. Navigate from the content file. Excellent! Go to: Pyrite (page 253).
F. Brock et al. (2006): EXPERIMENTAL PYRITE FORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH DECAY OF PLANT MATERIAL. Abstract, PALAIOS, 21: 499-506.
Graeme Caselton (?), UK: Jurassic Cliffs, Pyritisation.
Shya Chitaley, Paleobotany group, The Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio Preserving pyritized fossils by wax impregnation (now via wayback archive).
Fred Clouter, Sheppey Fossils: Plant material. Partly pyritized Nipa fruits.
L. Cornish and A. Doyle, Discovering Fossils (an education resource dedicated to British Fossils, Fossil Collecting Locations and the Geology of the UK): Treating Pyrite Fossils. The use of Ethanolamine Thioglycollate in the conservation of pyritized fossils.
L. Cornish and A. Doyle (1984): Use of ethanolamine thioglycollate in the conservation of pyritized fossils PDF file, Palaeontology, 27. 421-424.
Géza Császár et al. (2009): A possible Late Miocene fossil forest PaleoPark in Hungary. PDF file, Carnets de Géologie / Notebooks on Geology, Brest, Book 2009/03, Chapter 11. Lignified tree trunks in situ, partially covered by a fine-grained pyritic sandstone crust.
M.L. DeVore et al. (2006): Utility of high resolution x-ray computed tomography (HRXCT) for paleobotanical studies: An example using london clay fruits and seeds. American journal of botany, 93: 1848-1851.
Neil Ferguson, Cardiff sulphide research group, Department of Earth Sciences, Cardiff University: earth >> research >> sulphide. Kinetics and mechanism of metal-sulphide chemistry at ambient temperatures. Scroll down to: "pyritisation in fossilisation".
R.L. Folk (2005): Nannobacteria and the formation of framboidal pyrite: Textural evidence. PDF file, Journal of Earth System Science, 114: 369-374.
Fossil Preparation (American Museum of Natural History and The Paleontology Portal). Go to: Pyrite "Disease".
R.A. Gastaldo and A.-Y. Huc (1992): Sediment facies, depositional environments, and distribution of phytoclasts in the Recent Mahakam River delta, Kalimantan, Indonesia. PDF file, Palaios. Framboidal pyrite in fig. 8B, 9B.
J. Garcia-Guinea, J. Martinez-Frías, M. Harffy, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid: Cell-Hosted Pyrite Framboids in Fossil Woods. PDF file, Naturwissenschaften 85, 78-81 (1998).
Stephen T. Grimes et al., (2002), Department of Earth Sciences, Cardiff University: Fossil plants from the Eocene London Clay: the use of pyrite textures to determine the mechanism of pyritization. Abstract, Journal of the Geological Society, 159: 493-501.
! Stephen T. Grimes et al. (2001): Understanding fossilization: Experimental pyritization of plants. Abstract, Geology, 29: 123-126.
Stephen Grimes et al. (2000): Pyritisation of Plant Axes from the London Clay: Pyrite Textures and Their Importance to Understanding the Mechanism of Fossilisation. Abstract, PDF file.
! S.T. Grimes, D. Rickard, D. Edwards, A. Oldroyd, L. Axe, and K. Davies, Department of Earth Sciences, Cardiff University, Wales, UK EXPERIMENTAL PYRITISATION OF PLANT CELLS. PDF file, Ninth Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1999.
Anette E.S. Högström et al. (2009): A pyritized lepidocoleid machaeridian (Annelida) from the Lower Devonian Hunsrück Slate, Germany. PDF file, Proc. R. Soc. B, 276: 1981-1986. This paper is exemplary in its combination of X-ray and CT of animal body fossils.
K.-P. Kelber, Würzburg (2007): Die Erhaltung und paläobiologische Bedeutung der fossilen Hölzer aus dem süddeutschen Keuper (Trias, Ladinium bis Rhätium). In German. PDF file, 33 MB! Scroll to fig. 7 on page 49 (PDF page 14): Triassic wood in pyrite preservation.
W.D. Keller, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (page hosted by The Mineralogical Society of America, "From the Archives"): Sulfide replacements of a trigocarpus fossil fern fruit. The American Mineralogist, Volume 32, pages 468-470, 1947.
P. Kenrick et al. (1991): Novel ultrastructure in water-conducting cells of the Lower Devonian plant Sennicaulis hippocrepiformis. PDF file, Palaeontology.
K.P. Krajewski and B. Luks (2003), Instytut Nauk Geologicznych PAN, Warszawa, Poland: Origin of "cannon-ball" concretions in the Carolinefjellet Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Spitsbergen (PDF file). Polish Polar Research, 24: 217-242. Macroscopic wood fragments in concretion bodies, consisting of a massive matrix composed of clastic compo- nents, organic detritus, dispersed pyrite, and carbonate cement.
Timothy C.W. Ku et al. (2008): Implications for the development of iron, sulfur, and carbon diagenetic properties, Saint Lucia, Lesser Antilles Abstract, Marine Geology, 249: 184-205.
Microgeodynamics Laboratory, School of Earth Sciences, Leeds University: Pyritisation of fossil wood. See also here.
Naomi Lubick, Geotimes 2004: Pyrite fossil preservation.
! R.E. Martin (1999): Taphonomy: A Process Approach (provided by Google Books). Cambridge Paleobiology Series, Cambridge University Press.
Ana Martín-González et al. (2009): Double fossilization in eukaryotic microorganisms from Lower Cretaceous amber. PDF file, BMC Biology, 7. See also here.
! Lawrence C. Matten (1973): Preparation of pyritized plant petrifactions: "a plea for pyrite". Abstract, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 16: 165-173.
! Imogen Poole and Geoffrey E. Lloyd (2000): Alternative SEM techniques for observing pyritised fossil material. PDF file, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 112: 287-295.
Imogen Poole, School of Earth Sciences, University of Leeds: Pyritized fossil plant, Eocene, Isle of Sheppy, England.
A.C. Scott and M.E. Collinson (2003), Geology Department, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham: Non-destructive multiple approaches to interpret the preservation of plant fossils: implications for calcium-rich permineralizations. Journal of the Geological Society, 160: 857-862. See also here.
A.C. Scott (2001): Federico Cesi and his field studies on the origin of fossils between 1610 and 1630. Endeavour, vol. 25. Early descriptions of fossil wood and of decaying pyrite!
Herbert Seiler: Mikrobiologie und mehr, Pyritisierte Fossilien - Nährstoff für Bakterien? In German.
Sally Shelton, San Diego Natural History Museum: Pyrite Preservation.
A. Shinya and L. Bergwall: Pyrite Oxidation: Review and Prevention Practices. PDF file.
Sally Shelton, San Diego Natural History Museum: Pyrite Preservation. Knoxville Gem and Mineral Society KGeMS Volume XXXII, Issue 2 February 2001 Page 8.
! W.E. Stein et al. (1982): Techniques for preparation of pyrite and limonite permineralizations. PDF file.
Kyle Trostle (2009), Franklin and Marshall College, Earth and Environment Department, Lancaster, PA: Diagenetic History of Fossil Wood from the Paleocene Chickaloon Formation, Matanuska Valley, Alaska.
YI-MING GONG et al. (2008): Pyrite framboids interpreted as microbial colonies within the Permian Zoophycos spreiten from southeastern Australia. Geological Magazine, 145: 95-103.
E. Zodrow and M. Mastalerz (2009):
A
proposed origin for fossilized Pennsylvanian plant cuticles
by pyrite oxidation (Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada).
PDF file, Bulletin of Geosciences, 84: 227-240.
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