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Leaf Size and Shape and the Reconstruction of Past Climates
! Nan Crystal Arens, C. Strömberg and A. Thompson, Department of Integrative Biology, and Paleobotany Section, Museum of Paleontology (UCMP), University of California at Berkeley: Virtual Paleobotany, Lab XI. Interpreting ancient climate from fossil assemblage (e.g. climate-leaf analysis multivariate program: CLAMP; nearest living relative or the coexistence model; leaf margin analysis).
Amanda Ash, Department of Paleobiology Smithsonian Institution NHB, Washington, DC; Beth Ellis, Boulder, CO; Leo J. Hickey, Division of Paleobotany, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University New Haven, CT; Kirk Johnson, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Denver Museum of Natural History, Denver, CO; Peter Wilf, University of Michigan, Museum of Paleontology, Ann Arbor, MI; Scott Wing, Department of Paleobiology, Smithsonian Institution NHB,Washington, DC: Manual of Leaf Architecture. ISBN 0-9677554-0-9, Copyright by Smithsonian Institution. A PDF file (4.1 MB). The main goal of this manual is to define and illustrate for the reader an unambiguous and standard set of terms for describing leaf form and venation, particularly of dicots. This manual also provides a template and set of instructions that show how descriptive information can be entered into a standardized database of fossil and extant leaves. Published and distributed by the Leaf Architecture Working Group (LAWG). (Page hosted by the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University).
! CLAMP. Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Programe (CLAMP) is a multivariate statistical technique that decodes the climatic signal inherent in the physiognomy of leaves of woody dicotyledonous plants.
Denver Museum of Nature & Science (DMNS): The Paleobotany Project. The DMNS Paleobotany Project acts as a repository of images (and accepted nomenclature) of Late Cretaceous through Eocene fossil plants from the Western Interior of North America.
David L. Dilcher, Paleobotany Laboratory, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL: Dilcher's Swamp/Woods Leaf Images.
Ian J. Glasspool et al.: Foliar physiognomy in Cathaysian gigantopterids and the potential to track Palaeozoic climates using an extinct plant group. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 205: 69-110; 2004.
David R. Greenwood, Environmental Science, Brandon University, Canada: Commentary - Leaf form and the reconstruction of past climates (Commentary on Traiser et al. 2005). PDF file, New Phytologist, 166, 355-357; 2005.
David R. Greenwood, Environmental Science, Brandon University, Canada: Commentary - Leaf form and the reconstruction of past climates (Commentary on Traiser et al. 2005). PDF file, New Phytologist, 166, 355-357; 2005.
Jonathan Krieger, Robert Guralnick, Kirk Johnson & Dena Smith: Predicting climate using empirically determined continuous measures of leaf shape. Abstract, Botany 2004, The Botanical Society of America. See also here.
Sara Pratt, Geotimes: Reaching past heights. About methods calculating paleoelevations.
! A.E. Radford, W.C. Dickison, J.R. Massey, & C.R. Bell (Harper and Row, New York):
Vascular Plant Systematics.
This book was written as a reference text for basic courses in taxonomy and as a source book of
information, procedures and references for ecosystematics, biosystematics, phylosystematics and chemosystematics.
It includes (1) an essentially synoptical treatment of the evidence, principles,
and concepts considered fundamental to vascular plant taxonomic studies and research;
(2) organized
laboratory and field exercises and problems basic to systematics;
(3) useable and useful techniques;
(4) summaries
of terminology pertinent to taxonomy;
(5) relevant bibliographies and indices; and (6) information on systematic
facilities.
Searching images you may navigate from here.
See also:
! Section A. Structure and Specialized Characters:
V. Leaves, or
Section B:
General Characters and Character States,
A. Location or Environmental Position.
Classification based on position of organs or parts in their surrounding environment.
Anita Roth-Nebelsick et al. (2001): Evolution and Function of Leaf Venation Architecture: A Review. PDF file, Annals of Botany 87: 553-566. See also here.
Royer DL, Wilf P, Janesko DA, Kowalski EA, Dilcher DL. (in press): Correlations of climate and plant ecology to leaf size and shape: potential proxies for the fossil record. PDF file, Amer J Bot (in press).
Royer et al.: DIGITAL LEAF PHYSIOGNOMY: CALIBRATION OF A NEW METHOD FOR RECONSTRUCTING CLIMATE FROM FOSSIL PLANTS. Abstract, 2004 GSA Denver Annual Meeting.
Robert A. Spicer, Earth Sciences Department, The Open University, Milton Keynes, U.K.: Recent developments and applications of CLAMP. Abstract, 13th Plant Taphonomy Meeting 2002, Bonn, Germany.
! Robert A. Spicer, Earth Sciences Department, The Open University, Milton Keynes, U.K. (The Warm Earth Environmental Systems Research Group): Plant Fossils as Climatic Indicators. Go to: Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Programe (CLAMP). An introduction to the use of leaf architecture for determining past climatic conditions. Go to: CLAMP Leaf Character State Definitions and Scoring, and Leaf Size Template.
Christopher Traiser, Tübingen University: Blattphysiognomie als Indikator für Umweltparameter: Eine Analyse rezenter und fossiler Floren (Thesis, PDF file, in German). This study investigates the relationship between physiognomic traits of leaves from European hardwood vegetation and environmental parameters in order to create a calibration dataset. The leaf data are obtained from synthetic chorologic floras, the environmental data comprise climatic and ecologic data.
Traiser, C, Klotz, S., Uhl, D., & Mosbrugger, V. (2005). Environmental signals from leaves - a physiognomic analysis of European vegetation. PDF file, New Phytologist, 166, 465 - 484.
P. Wilf (2008): Fossil angiosperm leaves: paleobotany´s difficult children prove themselves. PDF file, Paleontological Society Papers, 14: 319-333.
Peter Wilf: When are leaves good thermometers? A new case for Leaf Margin Analysis. PDF file, Paleobiology, 23(3), 1997, pp. 373–390.
Ian Wright and Mark Westoby, Department of Biological Sciences,
Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia:
ARC-NZ Research Network for Vegetation Function
(supported by Australian Research Council and by Landcare New Zealand).
The Network for Vegetation Function spans from functional genomics through ecophysiology and functional
ecology to global change and evolutionary history. The Network pursues research by bringing people from
different disciplines together in working groups. Go to:
Working group 1.
Leaves: size, shape, economics, palaeobiology and evolutionary radiations.
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