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Selected Geology
Home /
Selected Geology /
Geologic Time Scale
American Geological Institute (AGI), Alexandria, VA: Earth Science World. Images from the Earth Science World Image Bank, geoscience books, information on careers in the geosciences, and more. Go to: Interactive Geological Time Scale.
BBC News: Geological time gets a new period. The Ediacaran Period covers some 50 million years of ancient time on our planet from 600 million years ago to about 542 million years ago.
BBC Earth timeline.
This expired link is now available through the Internet Archive´s
Wayback Machine.
Museum of Paleontology (UCMP), University of California at Berkeley: Web Lift for Geological Time. See also: The Geologic Time Scale in Historical Perspective.
Simon Biggs: Fossil Collections of the World. Check the rubric Geology Time Scale. Not updated for a long time.
Goran Bogicevic, Department of Regional Geology and Palaeontology, Faculty of Mininig and Geology at Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Boggy´s Geolinks. Scroll down to: "Stratigraphy", e.g. Triassic.
Jamie Boyer, The New York Botanical Garden:
The Paleoplant Website.
An educational resource for students and teachers studying Earth's history, fossils, and evolution.
!
Go to:
Geologic Time.
School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol:
Your Planet Earth.
A library of talks on earth sciences and evolutionary topics that may be of interest to earth sciences
and education professionals as a basis for engagement and outreach shows in schools. Go to:
The
History of Life.
Powerpoint Presentation.
Geological
Time.
Powerpoint Presentations.
Websites outdated. Links lead to versions archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
The British Geological Survey (BGS):
BGS Education,
The BGS
Geological Timechart.
Colourful reference material, for use in schools, colleges and the home,
setting out the geological timescale and geochronological terms, used at the
British Geological Survey.
Laurie Cantwell, (Montana State University), The Science Education Resource Center (SERC), Carleton College:
Teaching Geoscience with Visualizations: Using Images, Animations, and Models Effectively,
Geologic Time.
This website highlights animations, images, interactive graphics and videos used to teach
the concept of geologic time in an introductory geology course. Visualizations cover the specific topics of earth history,
relative age dating and life through geologic time.
Website outdated. The link is to a version archived by the Internet
Archive´s Wayback Machine.
ES Designs: Geologic Time Scale. This geologic time scale provides a directory of links to web pages for each time interval.
Deutsche Stratigraphische Kommission (German Stratigraphic Commission), im Deutschen Nationalkomitee (DNK), für die International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS). In German.
J. Dodick and N. Orion (2006): Building an understanding of geological time: A cognitive synthesis of the "macro" and "micro" scales of time. PDF file, in C. Manduca and D. Mogk, eds., Earth and Mind: How Geologists Think and Learn about the Earth: Geological Society of America, p. 77-94.
Brandon Dugan and Carrie Masiello,
Rice University, Houston, TX:
Evolution
of the Earth. Lecture notes, Powerpoint presentations.
!
You may navigate from
here,
e.g.:
Lecture 2,
Dynamic and Evolving Earth.
Lecture 3, Dynamic
and Evolving Earth. Many paleogeographical maps!
Lecture 8, Understanding
Geologic Time.
Lecture 25, Late
Paleozoic Earth History.
!
Geological Society of America:
Geologic
Time Scale.
Geology.com: Geologic Time Scale. A printable time line for the geological sciences.
! F.M. Gradstein and J.G. Ogg (2020): The chronostratigraphic scale. In PDF, In: The Geologic Time Scale 2020, Elsevier. See also here (Google books).
! F.M. Gradstein et al. (2012): On The Geologic Time Scale. In PDF, Newsletters on Stratigraphy, 45: 171–188. See also here.
!
F.M. Gradstein et al. (2012):
The
Geologic Timescale 2012. Poster, in PDF. See also
here..
Worth checking out: Table of contents volume 1 and 2!
F.M. Gradstein et al.(2012): The Geologic Time Scale 2012. Google books, see also here (Table of contents, Elsevier).
! F.M. Gradstein and J.G. Ogg (2009): The geological time scale. PDF file, In: S.B. Hedges and S. Kumar (eds.): The Timetree of Life (see here).
!
Daniel Hauptvogel, Virginia Sisson et al. (2023),
Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Houston:
The
Story of Earth: An Observational Guide 2e . Second edition (Pressbooks), Open access.
You can download a printable PDF
version.
Navigate from the content
menue page.
Note especially:
!
Chapter 1:
Geologic Time.
!
S.B. Hedges and S. Kumar (2009):
Discovering
the Timetree of Life. PDF file,
In: S.B. Hedges and S. Kumar (eds.): The Timetree of Life.
!
See here.
These expired links are now available through the Internet Archive´s
Wayback Machine.
!
S.B. Hedges (2009):
Life. PDF file,
In: S.B. Hedges and S. Kumar (eds.): The Timetree of Life.
!
See here.
These expired links are now available through the Internet Archive´s
Wayback Machine.
!
hhmi BioInteractive
(The Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)).
BioInteractive is a leading provider of free classroom resources and professional development
for high school and undergraduate biology educators.
!
EarthViewer.
This interactive module allows to explore the science of Earth's deep history,
from its formation 4.5 billion years ago to modern times.
Excellent!
!
Helmholtz-Zentrum
Potsdam - Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ.
The Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
is Germany’s national research center for the solid Earth Sciences. Go to:
!
Stratigraphic
Table of Germany Compact 2022 (STGC 2022). In PDF;
currently provided by Bibliothek Wissenschaftspark Albert Einstein.
C. Huang et al. (2020): Cyclostratigraphy and astrochronology: Case studies from China. Open access, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 560.
!
International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS).
The ICS is the largest and oldest constituent scientific body in the International Union of Geological
Sciences (IUGS). Its primary objective is to define precisely global units (systems, series and stages)
of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Go to:
!
Chart.
Downloadable latest chart versions in PDF or JPG.
The Jackson
School of Geosciences at The University of Texas at Austin.
Courses & Catalogs.
Go to:
Time Scales
Lecture notes, Powerpoint presentation.
!
C. King (2022):
Exploring
Geoscience across the globe. In PDF (42 MB), Excellent!
Provided by The International
Geoscience Education Organisation (IGEO).
Chapters that may be of interest:
Chapter 3.2 (starting on pdf-page 30): e.g. Relative dating, Absolute dating.
Chapter 4.1.2.2 (starting on pdf-page 56): e.g. Sedimentary processes.
Chapter 4.3 (starting on pdf-page 115): e.g. Atmospheric change.
Chapter 4.4.1 (starting on pdf-page 122): e.g. Evolution.
S.E. Lewis et al. (2005):
Once
in a Million Years: Teaching Geologic Time.
Helping students understand the magnitude of geologic time. In PDF,
American Inst. of Biological Sciences, Washington, DC.
See also
here.
LithStrat (supported by the Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften). A lithostratigraphical database. Provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine. Go to: Richtlinien zur stratigraphischen Nomenklatur. A guide about stratigraphical nomenclature (in German). From Steininger & Piller (1999), Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg, 209.
Andrew MacRae: Radiometric Dating and the Geological Time Scale. Circular Reasoning or Reliable Tools? This TalkOrigins site (a Usenet newsgroup devoted to the discussion and debate of biological and physical origins) discusses the way radiometric dating and stratigraphic principles are used to establish the conventional geological time scale.
!
J.G. Ogg et al. (2020):
The
triassic period. In PDF,
Geologic Time Scale 2020,
Volume 2: 903-953. See also
here.
!
Note the generalized
synthesis of selected Triassic stratigraphic scales
in Figs. 25.5-25.7!
Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University:
Geologic
Time Scale. Powerpoint presentation.
Sue Rigby, Geology, Geophysics, Environmental Geoscience, Grant Institute, University of Edinburgh: COURSE MATERIALS. Go to: GEP COURSE MATERIALS, The Geological Time Scale. PDF file.
! Robert A. Rohde,
International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS):
GeoWhen Database.
GeoWhen Database is an attempt to sort out the mess that man
has made of the geologic timescale. This project aims to reconcile the international stratigraphic standards
with many of the regional and archaic naming schemes that appear in the literature.
The central stratigraphic classification and dates are based on the 2004 time scale endorsed by the International
Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) and documented in Gradstein, Ogg, Smith, et al., A
Geologic Time Scale 2004.
S. Shen et al. (2022): How to Build a High-Resolution Digital Geological Timeline?. In PDF, Journal of Earth Science, 33: 1629-1632.
South
Carolina Geological Survey.
Education and Outreach.
Downloadable Earth Science
Education presentations, posters, and handouts. Go to:
Geologic
Time and Earth’s Biological History. Powerpoint presentation. Also
available in PDF.
STRATA
(provided by Society for Sedimentary Geology, SEPM).
SEPM’s stratigraphy open access web site is dedicated to helping people understand
sedimentary geology, from the basics to the detailed.
Superbly done! See especially:
Sediments & Rocks.
Depositional Analogues.
Paleontology.
!
TimeScale Creator
(by Geologic TimeScale Foundation).
TimeScale Creator, a free JAVA package, enables you to explore and create charts of any portion
of the geologic time scale from an extensive suite of global and regional events in Earth History.
See also:
A. Lugowski (Computer Science Dept., Univ. Calif. Santa Barbara) and J.
Ogg (Dept. Earth and Atmos. Sci., Purdue University):
TimeScale Creator.
Provided by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.
U.S. Geological Survey:
!
Geologic Time. Go to:
Major Divisions of Geologic Time,
Etymology
of geological time units.
! U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA: Geolex. Geolex is a search tool for lithologic and geochronologic unit names.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Reston, VA:
The Learning Web.
A site dedicated to K-12 education and life-long learning. Go to:
Mud Fossils,
Major
Divisions of Geological Time.
Now recovered from the Internet Archive´s
Wayback Machine.
US Geological Survey and the National Park Service: USGS Geology in the Parks, What is Geologic Time?
USGS/Cascades Volcano Observatory, Vancouver, Washington: The Geologic Time Scale.
!
Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection:
High School Earth Science.
Contributed by John Benner et al. Worth checking out:
Evidence About Earth´s Past.
Earth´s History.
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Radiometric dating.
Geochronology.
List
of geochronologic names.
Age of the Earth.
!
Geologic time scale.
Global Boundary Stratotype
Section and Point.
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
!
Timeline
of the evolutionary history of life.
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
!
Global
Boundary Stratotype Section and Point.
Category:Geochronologically
significant locations.
Category:Geologic
time scales of Earth.
Global
Stratotype Section and Point (in German).
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