Links for Palaeobotanists

An annotated collection of pointers to information on palaeobotany
or to WWW resources which may be of use to palaeobotanists (with an Upper Triassic bias).


What´s New on Links for Palaeobotanists?

History of Palaeobotany
Renowned Palaeobotanists, Progress in Palaeobotany ...
Teaching Documents
Palaeobotany, Palaeontology, Palaeoecology, Field Trip Guides ...
Fossil and Recent Plant Taxa
Sphenophyta, Cycads, Bennettitales, Coniferophyta ...
Preservation & Taphonomy
Plant Taphonomy, Cuticles, Amber, Log Jams ...
Palaeobotanical Tools
Preparation, Photography, Translation Tools, AI Writing
Microscopy, Photoshop, TEM, Microtomography ...
Institutions & Organisations
Selected Bot. Gardens and Herbaria, Nat. Hist. Museums,
Palaeobot. Collections, Internat. Palaeo Institutions ...
Conferences & List Server
Conferences, Mailing Lists, Newsgroups ...

Articles in Palaeobotany
Plant Evolution, What is Palaeobotany? Jurassic Palaeobotany ...
Plant Anatomy & Taxonomy
Plant Classification, Chemotaxonomy, Phylogeography, Cladistic Methods ...
Palynology
Palynological Associations, Acritarchs, Dinoflagellates, Palynofacies ...
Ecology & Palaeoenvironment
Stress Conditions, Palaeoenvironment, Ecosystem Recovery,
Palaeosoils, Plant Roots, Playa Lakes, Animal-Plant Interaction ...
Charcoal & Coal Petrology
Fossil charcoal, Fire Ecology, Coal Petrology, Coalification ...
Palaeoclimate
Stomatal Density, Rise of Oxygen, Pre-Neogene Growth Rings ...
Evolution & Extinction
Evolution Sciences vs Creationism, Molecular Clock, P-Tr Extinction ...
Selected Geology
Geological Timescale, Palaeogeography, Sedimentology, Gaia Hypothesis ...
Writing, Translating and Drawing
Translation Tools, Photoshop Tutorials ...
All about Upper Triassic
Triassic Palaeobotany, Tr. Palynology, Tr. Climate,
Triassic Stratigraphy, The European Keuper ...
Literature Search
Journals, Open Access Publishing, Abstracts, Books ...
Databases and Glossaries
Bot. Nomenclature, Encyclopedias, Unit Converter, Trees ...
Images of Plant Fossils
Fossil Plants, Reconstructions, Plant Photographs ...
Job & Experience
Labor Market, Grants, Field Camps, Internships ...
Search
AI-Search Engines Botany Search etc. Plagiarism S.
Palaeobotanical Directories, Palaeont. D., Bot. D. ...,










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What´s New on Links for Palaeobotanists?


! R. Bos et al. (2025): A high-resolution palynological and geochemical study of the end-Triassic mass-extinction based on a new cored succession at Winterswijk (the Netherlands). Free access, Geological Magazine, 161(e17): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756824000323.
Note figure 2A: Palaeogeographic reconstruction depicting depositional regime of NW Europe and positions of Triassic-Jurassic boundary sections.
"... A high-resolution palynostratigraphic dataset provides evidence for a late Rhaetian vegetation assemblage that displays a stepwise decline of arborescent tree vegetation that is transiently replaced by a community of ferns and fern allies
[...] Comparison of our findings with other contemporaneous European Triassic-Jurassic boundary sections confirms the progression of the endTriassic extinction, which exhibits a two-phased structure ..."

Z.A. Popper et al. (2011): Evolution and Diversity of Plant Cell Walls: From Algae to Flowering Plants. In PDF, Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 62: 567-590.

T. Haserbek et al. (2025): High latitude terrestrial carbon isotope and mercury perturbations across the Late Triassic Carnian Pluvial Episode in Northwestern China. In PDF, Scientific Reports, 15. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-98455-5.
"... The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) was a Late Triassic interval of global environmental changes and biological turnovers linked to C-cycle perturbation and global warming
[...] Our records show how the C-cycle perturbations that punctuated the CPE drove perturbations to regional hydrology and flora at northern high latitudes ..."

L.I. Anderson (2005): Hugh Miller: introducing palaeobotany to a wider audience. In PDF, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 241: 63-84. See also here.

Ron Blakey, Department of Geology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff:
Paleogeography Through Geologic Time. Choose a geologic period and click on its name to view menu of that time, then select the paleogeographic globe or a 1st order global tectonic feature. See especially:
! Triassic.
Still available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Craig H. Jones, Department of Geological Sciences, CU-Boulder:
Cenozoic Elevation of the Rocky Mountains. Go to:
! Paleobotanical Methods.

S.G. Lucas (2001): Restoration of Late Triassic landscapes at the Petrified Forest National Park, Arizona. In PDF, Proceedings of the 6th Fossil Resource Conference.
"... The three drawings (Figs. 1-3) are full-color restorations executed as hand-drawn originals that are now at PEFO [Petrified Forest National Park]. The drawings show the restored landscape, and, in cross section, the buried layers of Upper Triassic sediment ..."
Still available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

Biologydiscussion.com (a question and answer forum):
Palaeobotany: Meaning and Significance.

Stratigraphy Lab, Department of Geology and Stratigraphy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA:
An Online Guide to Sequence Stratigraphy. This online guide is primarily aimed at the application of sequence stratigraphy to outcrops. Perhaps the best way to work through this online guide is to start with accommodation and to continue down the list of topics from there.
Now available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

W.C. Darrah (1952): The materials and methods of palaeobotany. In PDF, Journal of Palaeosciences.

Ron Blakey, Department of Geology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff:
Global Earth History.
This presentation uses a series of plate-tectonic reconstructions to show the broad patterns of Phanerozoic Earth history. Both horizontal and vertical links are provided for viewing the plates: horizontal links provide time-slices (eg Cambrian, Devonian, Triassic, etc.) of different kinds of data on maps and other illustrations whereas vertical links provide a dynamic portrayal of Earth history through a succession of similar plate-tectonic reconstructions.
Still available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

! M. Yaqoob et al. (2025): Advancing paleontology: a survey on deep learning methodologies in fossil image analysis. In PDF, Artificial Intelligence Review, 58. See also here.
Note figure 3: The timeline presents the evolution from traditional manual identification to the incorporation of AI in paleontology.
"... we comprehensively review state-of-the-art deep learning based methodologies applied to fossil analysis, grouping the studies based on the fossil type and nature of the task
[...] Finally, we discuss novel techniques for fossil data augmentation and fossil image enhancements ..."

M.A.D. During et al. (2024): Automated segmentation of synchrotron-scanned fossils. In PDF, bioRxiv.
See here as well.
"... we present a free, browser-based segmentation tool that reduces computational overhead by splitting volumes into small chunks
[...] Beyond the online tool, all our code is open source, enabling contributions from the palaeontology community to further this emerging machine learning ecosystem ..."

E.M. Knutsen and D.A. Konovalov (2024): Accelerating segmentation of fossil CT scans through Deep Learning. In PDF, Scientific Reports, 14.
See likewise here.
"... Recent developments in Deep Learning have opened the possibility for automated segmentation of large and highly detailed CT scan datasets of fossil material
[...] we present a method for automated Deep Learning segmentation to obtain high-fidelity 3D models of fossils digitally extracted from the surrounding rock, training the model with less than 1%-2% of the total CT dataset ..."

W.J. Lucas et al. (2013): The Plant Vascular System: Evolution, Development and Functions. In PDF, Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 55: 294-388. See also here.
Note figure 12: Internal structure of a woody plant stem.

Martin C. Mathes, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA:
General Botany. This course is designed to give the students a broad background in the traditional subject matter of botany. This includes topics on organisms in the plant kingdom as well as organisms not in the plant kingdom but which affect the growth ecology or evolution of plants (e.g., selected bacteria, fungi, and selected protists).
Now recovered from the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

R.J. Knecht et al. (2024): Early Pennsylvanian Lagerstätte reveals a diverse ecosystem on a subhumid, alluvial fan. Open access, Nature Communications, 15. See likewise here.
"... We know relatively little about terrestrial ecosystems from the Early Pennsylvanian, which was a critical interval for the diversification of insects, arachnids, tetrapods, and seed plants
[...] Here we report a diverse Early Pennsylvanian trace and body fossil Lagerstätte (~320–318 Mya) from the Wamsutta Formation of eastern North America
[...] This site expands our knowledge of early terrestrial ecosystems and organismal interactions and provides ground truth for future phylogenetic reconstructions of key plant, arthropod, and vertebrate groups ..."

C.E. Offler et al. (2025): Cupressaceae Shoots from Eocene Floras of the Arid Zone of South Australia: Cedars in the Australian Desert. In PDF.

! Brittannica, Branches of Biology:
phylogeny.
"... the history of the evolution of a species or group, especially in reference to lines of descent and relationships among broad groups of organisms ..."

! Spektrum der Wissenschaft, Lexikon der Biologie (in German):
Phylogenie.
"... Phylogenese, Stammesentwicklung, Stammesgeschichte, der einmalige historische Ablauf der Aufspaltung (Cladogenese) und der meist mit Höherentwicklung (Anagenese), bisweilen aber auch mit Rückbildungen (regressive Evolution) einhergehenden Entwicklung der Lebewesen (Organismen) im Laufe der Erdgeschichte ..."

E.A. Hajek et al. (2025): Sedimentological controls on plant-fossil preservation in an Eocene caldera-lake fill: a high-resolution, age-constrained record from the Tufolitas Laguna del Hunco, Chubut Province, Argentina. In PDF, Palaios, 40.
See here as well.
"... we use Laguna del Hunco to provide a new perspective on paleoenvironmental controls on plant fossil preservation in tectonically active settings
[...] These results demonstrate that even delicate fossil components like fruits and flowers can survive high-energy transport, underscoring the importance of rapid burial as a primary control on fossil preservation
[...] Our new model for plant taphonomy opens a path toward finding and understanding other exceptional biotas ..."

! J. Dal Corso (2025): Carnian Events. In PDF, Albertiana, 49: 1–11.
"... The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE; Late Triassic) was an interval of C-cycle perturbations, global warming and biological turnover, occurring between ca. 234 and 232 Ma. The C-cycle perturbations are recorded as discrete sharp negative C-isotope excursions (NCIEs) in marine and terrestrial sedimentary successions around the world, and at least two warming phases are shown by O-isotope data from conodont apatite ..."

Albertiana (The Subcommission on Triassic Stratigraphy).
The primary mission of Albertiana is to promote the interdisciplinary collaboration and understanding among members of the Subcommission on Triassic Stratigraphy and the Triassic community at large. In its new hybrid digital form, Albertiana publishes peer-reviewed original research articles, literature reviews, meeting announcements and commentary relevant to the Triassic community and in particular the development of Triassic stratigraphy and its time scale. Worth checking out:
Past Issues.
Albertiana past issues are likewise available from Geobiology.cn.
Scans of the rare early volumes of Albertiana! The link is to a version archived by the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

The Global Triassic Alburquerque, May 2007 (S.G. Lucas and J.A. Spielmann).
A Joint Meeting of the IGCP Project 467 and the Subcommission on Triassic Stratigraphy, hosted by the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science. There are plenty of Triassic field guides from the American West (Bulletin 40, in PDF). Excellent!
This expired link is still available through the Internet Archive´s Wayback Machine.

! L.P.A. Mulvey et al. (2025): From fossils to phylogenies: exploring the integration of paleontological data into Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Open access, Paleobiology, 51: 214–236.
Note figure 2: The temporal range, based on the oldest fossil age to the tips of the tree from each of the empirical studies in the literature survey.
"... Phylogenetic analysis of fossil data has been significantly aided by the introduction of the fossilized birth–death (FBD) process
[...] A decade on from the first implementation of the FBD model, we explore its use in more than 170 empirical studies
[...] Through this review, we aim to provide clarity on how paleontological data can best be used in phylogenetic inference ..."

J.D. Swerzenski (2021): Fact, fiction or Photoshop: Building awareness of visual manipulation through image editing software Journal of Visual Literacy, 40: 104–124.
See here as well.

! A. Cuccu et al. (2025): Hard tissue thin-sectioning techniques in vertebrate paleohistology: Review, synthesis and improvements. Open access, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 16: 66-83.
Note table 1: Material used in the thinsectioning process.
"... The guide provided herein covers the techniques necessary to produce a paleohistological thin section, providing step-by-step instructions along with insights for technicians and both beginners and experienced scientists ..."

Museum Terra Triassica, Euerdorf, Germany (in German).
This museum in Lower Franconia, Bavaria, was founded by Michael Henz, Horst K. Mahler, Bernd Neubig, Jürgen Sell and is now part of the community Markt Euerdorf. It is a museum specialising in the Germanic Triassic of the Central European Basin. See especially:
! Trias-Literatur / Bibliothek (in German).
The link directory Triassic Literature Online generally does not contain its own PDFs but offers direct links to freely accessible literature. Arranged by authors in alphabetical order. Excellent!

! G.J. Retallack (2025): Darwinian soil evolution: A review. Free access, Habitable Planet, 2025, 1: 43–55. See likewise here (in PDF).
Note figure 2: Early Paleozoic plant and soil coevolution from 539 to 299 million years ago.
! Figure 3: Evolution of soil orders of the US Taxonomy over the past 4500 million years, as revealed by the paleosols.

B. Cascales-Miñana et al. (2025): The taxonomy of fossil lyginopteridalean fronds Eusphenopteris neuropteroides and their importance for understanding late Carboniferous floristic changes. Open access, Taxon. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.13317.

! C.K. Boyce and M.P. Nelsen (2025): Terrestrialization: toward a shared framework for ecosystem evolution. In PDF, Paleobiology, 51: 174-194. https://doi.org/10.1017/pab.2024.15: See here as well.
Note figure 1: Molecular clock dates and expectations for the fossil record.
Figure 3: Fungal phylogeny, distribution of ecologies, and proportional representation of different lineages in the Lower Devonian Rhynie Chert versus the modern world.
Figure 5: Stratigraphic distribution of fossil first occurrences in the land plant record.

! Y. Song et al. (2024): Lightning-induced wildfires: An overview. Open access, Fire, 7.
"... This review presents information that gives a profound understanding of lightning-induced wildfires, especially factors that influence lightning wildfires, and the state-of-the-art research that has been completed to understand lightning-induced wildfires ..."

A.B. Frank et al. (2025): Oxic conditions in shallow marine settings during the Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction. Free access, EarthArXiv, https://doi.org/10.31223/X5K135.
"... The concept that ultra-shallow marine anoxia was a major cause of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction was partly based on sections from the Dolomites (Italy). We test this hypothesis by re-examining the Dolomites record, utilizing an updated redox sensitive trace metal (V, U and 22 Mo) approach, combined with Fe speciation and Th/U ratios, and paleontological observations ..."










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Last updated May 14, 2025

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Early Land Plants International Palaeobotanical and Palaeontological Institutions Bacterial Biofilms (Microbial Mats) Progress in Palaeobotany and Palynology Tutorials, Tips and Tricks to Adobe Photoshop What´s New on Links for Palaeobotanists? Teaching Documents about Plant Anatomy Palynology Databases Palynology Palaeosoils Indexes in Palaeontology and Evolution Software for Palaeontology Early Triassic Floras Cellulose Peel Technique Biotic Recovery from the Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction Filicales Fungi The Rise of Oxygen Molecular Palaeobotany Fossil Animal Plant Interaction Teaching Documents about Taphonomy The Mass Extinction at the End of the Permian Pith Cast Preservation High Dynamic Range Imaging (HDR) Sphenophyta Looking for a Job Selected Geology Cuticles Playa Lakes (Endorheic Basins) Palaeobotanical, Botanical and Palaeontological Bibliographies Cyanobacteria and Stromatolites Search The Pros and Cons of Pre-Neogene Growth Rings Digital Image Processing Microscopy Writing, Translating and Drawing Angiosperms Bryophyta Triassic Palaeobotany, Palynology and Stratigraphy Fossil Charcoal Teaching Documents about Palaeobotany The Mass Extinction at the End of the Triassic Upcoming Meetings and Symposia Search for Literature Directories focused on Palaeobotany Virtual Field Trip Guides All about Upper Triassic Gymnosperms Grants and Funding Organisations Helpful Databases and Glossaries Stomatal Density Ginkgoales Teaching Documents Classical Textbooks and Monographs in Palaeobotany Focused on Palaeoclimate Job & Experience Bennettitales Evolution Sciences versus Doctrines of Creationism and Intelligent Design Sedimentology and Sedimentary Rocks Teaching Documents about Cladistics Permineralized Plants and Petrified Forests Plant Anatomy & Taxonomy Databases focused on Palaeobotany and Palaeontology Science History of Palaeobotany and Renowned Palaeobotanists Palaeoclimate Palaeobotany, Botany, and Palaeontology Journals Online Glossaries, Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Preservation & Taphonomy Stratigraphy and Facies of the European Keuper Insight into the Triassic World Plant Fossil Preservation Cycads Coal Petrology Open Access Publishing Focus Stacking (Photography, Extended Depth of Field) Teaching Documents about Classification and Phylogeny Fossil and Recent Plant Taxa Teaching Documents about Stratigraphy and Historical Geology Whole Plant Reconstructions Charcoal & Coal Petrology Pyrite Preservation Palaeobotanists Personal Pages Paleovegetation Reconstructions Palaeobotanical and Palaeontological Collections Taxonomy and Plant Classification Databases Photography and Scanning Software Ecology & Palaeoenvironment Leaf Size and Shape and the Reconstruction of Past Climates Palaeobotanical Tools Websites, showing Plant Fossils Conferences & List Server Pteridospermopsida Institutions & Organisations Abstracts- and Preprint Server Evolution & Extinction Lycophyta Riparian Habitats Teaching Documents about Botany Teaching Documents about Evolution





















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