An annotated collection of pointers
to information on palaeobotany
or to WWW resources which may be of use to palaeobotanists
(with an Upper Triassic bias).
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I. Vilovic et al. (2023):
Variations
in climate habitability parameters and their effect on Earth's biosphere
during the Phanerozoic Eon. Open access,
Scientific Reports, 13.
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39716-z
Note figure 5: Phanerozoic biodiversity curves.
"... We compiled environmental and biological
properties of the Phanerozoic Eon from various published data sets and conducted a correlation
analysis to assess variations in parameters relevant to the habitability of Earth’s biosphere
We showed that there were several periods with a highly thriving biosphere, with one
even surpassing present day biodiversity and biomass. Those periods were characterized by increased
oxygen levels and global runoff rates ..."
C. Mckean et al. (2023):
New
taphonomic and sedimentological insights into the preservation of high-relief Ediacaran
fossils at Upper Island Cove, Newfoundland. Open access,
Lethaia, 56: 1–17.
Note figure 11: General taphonomic model.
Figure 12: Epirelief variation model.
!
M. Barbacka (1994):
Komlopteris
Barbacka, gen. nov., a segregate from Pachypteris Brongniart. In PDF,
Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 83: 339-349.
See likewise
here.
M.L. Trivett and G.W. Rothwell (1991): Diversity among Paleozoic Cordaitales. In PDF, Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 183: 289-305.
P.B. Vixseboxse et al. (2024):
Taphonomic
experiments fixed and conserved with Paraloid B72 resin via solvent replacement. Open access,
Lethaia, 57.
"... Taphonomic experiments offer a powerful tool with which to interpret the influence of decay
and mineralization on the quality and completeness of Earth’s fossil record
[...] we propose a novel method of soft sediment fixation that permits the
stabilization of entire decay
experiments for sectioning and microanalysis
[...] Application of this method to a wide range of substrates demonstrates that this
methodology can produce effective stabilization of samples, including unconsolidated
sands and organic-rich substrates, with a chemically inert polymer ..."
J. Marugán-Lobón et al. (2023): The Las Hoyas Lagerstätte: a palaeontological view of an Early Cretaceous wetland. Free access, Journal of the Geological Society, 180. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2022-079.
H.M. Anderson-Holmes (2024):
The
cupule Kannaskoppia from the Upper Triassic, Molteno Flora, Gondwana: Exploring the
whole plant and habitat. YouTube video lecture. A paleobotanical online workshop (about
half an hour long), followed by a discussion.
Insights into the study of the Molteno flora of South Africa.
Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia:
Petriellales (in German).
E. Kustatscher et al. (2024): A Kungurian flora from the Southern Alps (Northern Italy) yielding cuticles. Free access, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 323.
G.S. Soreghan et al. (2023):
Dust
and loess as archives and agents of climate and climate change in the late
Paleozoic Earth system. Free access.
From: Lucas, S. G., DiMichele, W. A., Opluštil, S. and Wang, X. (eds.), 2023: Ice Ages, Climate Dynamics and Biotic
Events: the Late Pennsylvanian World. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 535: 195–223.
Note Figure 1: Pangaea configurations for the early Permian (c. 290 Ma).
Figure 4: Provenance and palaeogeography of western equatorial Pangaea.
"... Palaeo-loess and silty aeolian-marine strata are well recognized across the Carboniferous–Permian
of equatorial Pangaea. Aeolian-transported dust and loess appear in the Late Devonian in the west, are common
by the Late Carboniferous, and predominate across equatorial Pangaea by the Permian
[...] The late Paleozoic was Earth’s largest and most long-lived dust bowl ..."
Kentucky Geological Survey,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY:
Fossils of the Month. Go to:
!
Fossil
of the Month: Callixylon.
Note the illustration: Floating logs on today’s seas provide a habitat for a multitude of organisms.
Kentucky Geological Survey,
University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY:
Fossils of the Month. Go to:
!
Fossil
of the month: Calamites.
Note the illustration:
How fossils are formed from pith casts, external, and internal casts and impressions.
S. McMahon et al. (2024):
Entophysalis
in the Rhynie chert (Lower Devonian, Scotland): implications for
cyanobacterial evolution. Free access,
Geological Magazine, 160.
"... we report the occurrence of the colony-forming cyanobacterium
Eoentophysalis in the Rhynie chert
[...] The Rhynie Eoentophysalis appears remarkably similar in appearance
both to modern marine and freshwater Entophysalis ssp.
and to Eoentophysalis belcherensis ..."
M. Coiro and L.J. Seyfullah (2024):
Disparity
of cycad leaves dispels the living fossil metaphor. Open access,
Communications Biology, 7.
"... Our analysis shows that the cycad leaf
morphospace expanded up to the present, with numerous shifts in its general positioning,
independently of sampling biases
[...] We also show that rates of evolution were constantly
high up to the Early Cretaceous, and then experienced a slight decrease in the Paleogene, followed by
a Neogene acceleration. These results show a much more dynamic history for cycads, and suggest
that the ‘living fossil’ metaphor is actually a hindrance to our
understanding of their macroevolution ..."
M.E. Chrpa et al. (2023):
A
marine origin of coal balls in the Midland and Illinois basins, USA. Open access,
Communications Earth & Environment, 4.
"... Despite their importance to paleobotany, the salinity of coal-ball peat remains
controversial. Pennsylvanian coal balls from the Midland and Illinois basins contain
echinoderms and early high-magnesium calcite cement
[...] Coal balls likely formed in the marine-freshwater mixing zone ..."
German Commission for UNESCO
Bonn, Germany.
The German Commission for UNESCO is an intermediary of foreign cultural and educational policy.
Note especially:
Geoparks
weltweit (in German).
Geoparks
in Deutschland (in German).
!
Map
of German Geoparks.
Nationale
GeoParks (provided by GeoUnion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung; in German).
!
S. McLoughlin et al. (2024):
Evidence
for saprotrophic digestion of glossopterid pollen from Permian silicified peats
of Antarctica. Free access,
Grana. https://doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2024.2312610.
"... we describe translucent bodies referable either to fungi (Chytridiomycota) or water
moulds (Oomycetes) within the pollen of glossopterid gymnosperms and cordaitaleans, and
fern spores from silicified Permian (Guadalupian–Lopingian) peats
[...] Our study reveals that the extensive recapture of spore/pollen-derived nutrients
via saprotrophic digestion was already at play in the high-latitude ecosystems of the
late Palaeozoic ..."
K.E. McCabe (2023):
Marine
Deoxygenation Predates the End-Triassic Mass Extinction Within the Equatorial Panthalassa and
its Influence on Marine Ecosystems Before the Biotic Crisis. PDF file.
Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
See also
here.
Note figure 10: Timeline of the events around the ETME [end-Triassic Mass Extinction]
with a generalized carbon and nitrogen
isotope curves in addition to North American (Eastern Panthalassa) generic ammonoid diversity.
!
J.A. Trotter et al. (2021):
Long-term
cycles of Triassic climate change: a new d18O record from conodont apatite. In PDF,
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 415: 165-174.
See likewise
here.
!
Please note figure 3: Schematic showing best-estimate d18OphosN composite curve for surface waters
of the Tethyan subtropics, together with major geo- and bio-events through the
Triassic.
! C.L. Häuser et al. (eds; 2005): Digital Imaging of Biological Type Specimens: A Manual of Best Practice: Results from a Study of the European Network for Biodiversity Information. In PDF, European Network for Biodiversity Information, Stuttgart. viii + 309 pp.
A. Tosal et al. (2023):
First
report of silicified wood from a late Pennsylvanian intramontane basin in the Pyrenees:
systematic affinities and palaeoecological implications. Free access,
Papers in Palaeontology. doi: 10.1002/spp2.1524.
"... The specimens correspond to two
types of arborescent plants, a calamitacean Equisetales
(Arthropitys sp.) and a Cordaitales (Dadoxylon sp.). They
provide information not available from the adpression
flora found in this locality, such as growth patterns, interactions
with fungi, and the presence of tyloses ..."
!
S. McLoughlin and A.A. Santos (2024):
Excavating
the fossil record for evidence of leaf mining. Open access,
New Phytologist.
Note figure 1: Key events in the evolution of the leaf-mining strategy with representative illustrations of fossilized mine types
through geological time.
C.J. O'Connor et al. (2024):
Updating
conservation techniques for paleontology collections associated with Florissant Fossil
Beds National Monument. In PDF,
Parks Stewardship Forum.
See likewise
here.
!
F. Hua et al. (2024):
The
impact of frequent wildfires during the Permian–Triassic
transition: Floral change and terrestrial crisis in southwestern
China. Free access,
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology.
Note figure 1a: Palaeogeographic configuration and the position of the South China Plate.
Figure 7: Schematic model illustrating possible relationships between the wildfires
and floral changes during the P–T transition in southwestern China.
J. Bek and J.V. Frojdová (2023):
Spore
Evidence for the Origin of Isoetalean Lycopsids?Open access,
Life, 13.
https://doi.org/10.3390/
life13071546.
Note figure 3: Phylogeny of isoetalean lycopsids, modified.
Figure 4: New scheme of phylogeny of isoetalian lycopsids.
S. Collins (2024):
Earth’s earliest
forest revealed in Somerset fossils.
University of Cambridge.
See also
here.
L. Baisas (2024):
World’s
oldest known fossilized forest discovered in England.
Popular Science.
See also
here.
M.P. Velasco-de León et al. (2024): New records of Bennettitales and associated flora from the Jurassic of the Cualac Formation, Mexico. Open access, Palaeontologia Electronica.
C.C. Loron and F. Borondics (2024): Optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy (O-PTIR): a promising new tool for bench-top analytical palaeontology at the sub-micron scale. Free access, bioRxiv.
! B. Reinhold-Hurek et al. (2015): Roots Shaping Their Microbiome: Global Hotspots for Microbial Activity. Free access, The Annual Review of Phytopathology, 53: 403–423.
N. Geldner and D.E. Salt (2014): Focus on Roots. Free access, Plant Physiology, 166: 453–454.
B. Zhang et al. (2024):
Numerical
taxonomy and genus-species identification of Czekanowskiales in China
based on machine learning. Free access, Palaeontologia Electronica, 27.
https://doi.org/10.26879/1357.
"... accurate identification of Czekanowskiales fossils is difficult due to the similarities in
some macroscopic and cuticular patterns among different genera and species
[...] This study focused on the numerical taxonomy
and identification of Czekanowskiales at the generic and species levels using cluster
analysis, trait selection, and supervised learning methods for machine learning ..."
C. Klug et al. (2024):
The
marine conservation deposits of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland, Italy): the prototype of
Triassic black shale Lagerstätten. In PDF,
Swiss Journal of Palaeontology, 143. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13358-024-00308-7.
See likewise
here.
Note figure 4: Reconstructions of some animals from Monte San Giorgio by Beat Scheffold.
Figure 6: Palaeogeographic map.
C. Yu et al. (2023):
Climate
paleogeography knowledge graph and deep time paleoclimate classifications. Free access,
Geoscience Frontiers, 14.
"... the application of climate classification in deep time
(i.e., climate paleogeography) is prohibited due to the
usually qualitatively constrained paleoclimate and the inconsistent descriptions and
semantic heterogeneity
of the climate types. In this study, a climate paleogeography knowledge graph is established
under the framework of the Deep-Time Digital Earth program
[...] We also reconstruct the global climate distributions in the Late
Cretaceous according to these classifications ..."
L.T. Collins (2024):
CyberGaia:
Earth as cyborg. Open access,
Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11.
"... from a cybernetic perspective, nature and technology together represent an
inextricably connected network of signals and feedback, continuously developing
as an organic whole.
[...] seeing the world as an interconnected cybernetic network may help us to better understand
the biosphere in its totality while motivating us to take actions which help protect and
preserve CyberGaia’s diverse menagerie of human and nonhuman life ..."
A. Hallam (1985):
A
review of Mesozoic climates. In PDF,
Journal of the Geological Society, 142: 433-445.
https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.142.3.0433.
See likewise
here.
Note figure 5: Schematic presentation of continental humid and arid belts for early Triassic.
L.S. Soares and L.B. Freitas (2024): The phylogeographic journey of a plant species from lowland to highlands during the Pleistocene. Open access, Scientific Reports, 14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-53414-4.
!
K. Gurung et al. (2024):
Geographic
range of plants drives long-term climate change. Free access,
Nature Communications, 15.
Note figure 2: Maps of global biomass, runoff and silicate weathering.
"... we couple a fast vegetation model (FLORA) to a spatially-resolved long-term
climate-biogeochemical model (SCION), to assess links between plant geographical range,
the long-term carbon cycle and climate. Model results show lower rates of carbon
fixation and up to double the previously predicted atmospheric CO2 concentration
due to a limited plant geographical range over the arid Pangea supercontinent.
[...] We demonstrate that plant geographical range likely exerted a major, under-explored
control on long-term climate change ..."
Y. Hsiao et al. (2023):
Museomics
unveil systematics, diversity and evolution of Australian cycad-pollinating weevils. Open access,
Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, 290: 20231385.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.1385.
Note figure 1: Obligate pollination between Tranes weevils and Macrozamia cycads.
Figure 3: Fossil-calibrated chronogram for Australian cycad weevils.
N.S. Davies et al.(2024): Earth's earliest forest: fossilized trees and vegetation-induced sedimentary structures from the Middle Devonian (Eifelian) Hangman Sandstone Formation, Somerset and Devon, SW England. Open access, Journal of the Geological Society. https://doi.org/10.1144/jgs2023-204.
!
R.G. Beutel et al. (2024):
The
evolutionary history of Coleoptera (Insecta) in the late Palaeozoic and the Mesozoic. Free access,
Systematic Entomology.
Note figure 1: Family-level phylogeny (supertree) and timetree for Coleoptera.
Figure 2: Fossil record and phylogeny of early beetle groups.
V. Vajda et al. (2024): Confirmation that Antevsia zeilleri microsporangiate organs associated with latest Triassic Lepidopteris ottonis (Peltaspermales) leaves produced Cycadopites-Monosulcites-Chasmatosporites- and Ricciisporites-type monosulcate pollen. Abstract, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 640.
!
J.C. McElwain et al. (2024):
Functional
traits of fossil plants. Open access,
New Phytologist.
Note figure 2: Examples of fossil plant functional traits.
Figure 4: A ranked list of paleo-functional traits that can be applied to fossil plants.
"What plant remnants have withstood taphonomic filtering, fragmentation, and
alteration in their journey to become part of the fossil record provide unique information on how
plants functioned in paleo-ecosystems through their traits. Plant traits are measurable
morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical, or phenological characteristics
[...] We demonstrate how valuable
inferences on paleo-ecosystem processes (pollination biology, herbivory), past nutrient cycles,
paleobiogeography, paleo-demography (life history), and Earth system history can be derived
through the application of paleo-functional traits to fossil plants ..."
D.E. Quiroz Cabascango (2023): Plant Macrofossils from the Aftermath of the End-Triassic Extinction, Skåne, Southern Sweden. Free access, Thesis, Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University.
J. Sha et al. (2024): An introduction to the Triassic and Jurassic of the Junggar Basin, China: advances in palaeontology and environments. Free access, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 538: 1-8.
M.R. Stoneman et al. (2024):
Two-photon
excitation fluorescence microspectroscopy protocols for examining fluorophores in fossil plants.
Open access, Communications Biology, 7.
"... In this work, we utilize two-photon fluorescence microspectroscopy to spatially and
spectrally resolve the fluorescence emitted by amber-embedded plants, leaf compressions,
and silicified wood
[...] This research opens doors to exploring ancient ecosystems and understanding the ecological
roles of fluorescence in plants throughout time. ..."
M. Malekhosseini (2023): Fossil record and new aspects of evolutionary history of Calcium biomineralization and plant waxes in fossil leaves. In PDF, Thesis, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany.
L. Burgener et al. (2023):
Cretaceous climates:
Mapping paleo-Köppen climatic zones using a Bayesian statistical analysis of lithologic,
paleontologic, and geochemical proxies. In PDF,
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 613.
See likewise
here.
Note figure 1: Global map of Campanian (83.6-72.1 Ma) mean annual temperature data points
and the 1444 resulting interpolated mean annual temperature map.
Figure 6: Modern climate zones as defined by the paleo-Köppen climate classification system.
Keywords: Paleobotany, Palaeobotany, Paläobotanik, Paleophytologist, Paleophytology, Palaeophytologist, Palaeophytology, Paleobotánica, Paléobotanique, Paleobotânica, Paleobotanico, Palaeobotanica, Paleobotanika, Paleobotaniky, Paleobotanikai, Paleobotaniikka, Paleontology, Palaeontology, Paläontologie, Paleobotánica, Paleontológico, Paleobotânicos, Paleobotaników, Botany, Fossil Plants, Paleovegetation, Palaeovegetation, Palaeophyticum, Paleophyticum, permineralized plants, petrified, cuticle, cuticles, charcoal, Palynology, Palynologie, Taphonomy, Tafonomía, paleosoil, palaeosoil, mesophytic, mesophyticum, Paläovegetation, Pflanzenfossilien, Evolution, Phylogeny, Triassic, Trias, Triásico, Keuper, Ladinian, Carnian, Norian, Rhaetian, Index, Link Page.
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